Copper Nanoparticles in Aquatic Environment: Release Routes and Oxidative Stress-Mediated Mechanisms of Toxicity to Fish in Various Life Stages and Future Risks
The final recipient of nanoparticles, including various types of copper-based nanoparticles (Cu-based NPs), is the aquatic environment. Their increased production, especially as a component of antimicrobial agents, raises concerns about uncontrolled environmental release and subsequent ecological ri...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| author | Anna Sielska Lidia Skuza |
| author_facet | Anna Sielska Lidia Skuza |
| author_sort | Anna Sielska |
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| description | The final recipient of nanoparticles, including various types of copper-based nanoparticles (Cu-based NPs), is the aquatic environment. Their increased production, especially as a component of antimicrobial agents, raises concerns about uncontrolled environmental release and subsequent ecological risks. The high reactivity of Cu-based NPs enables interactions with biotic and abiotic environmental components, leading to bioaccumulation and disorders in living organisms, such as fish in various life stages, especially in embryos or hatchlings. Increasing concentration of Cu-based NPs causes various toxic effects, mainly through the induction of oxidative stress. These effects include impairment of antioxidant mechanisms, as well as damage to genetic material, cells and tissues, growth retardation, metabolic disorders, increased mortality, or hatching inhibition. The aim of this review is to describe the release routes of Cu-based NPs and their adverse effects on fish, while emphasizing the need for further research on their toxicity and measures to control their release to the environment. Given the limited data on the toxicity of Cu-based NPs, especially concerning sensitive fish developmental stages, further studies are required. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fd56fb1ceadf4ba79901d18e9133c112 |
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| issn | 1467-3037 1467-3045 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Current Issues in Molecular Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-fd56fb1ceadf4ba79901d18e9133c1122025-06-25T13:38:57ZengMDPI AGCurrent Issues in Molecular Biology1467-30371467-30452025-06-0147647210.3390/cimb47060472Copper Nanoparticles in Aquatic Environment: Release Routes and Oxidative Stress-Mediated Mechanisms of Toxicity to Fish in Various Life Stages and Future RisksAnna Sielska0Lidia Skuza1Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, PL-71-415 Szczecin, PolandInstitute of Biology, University of Szczecin, PL-71-415 Szczecin, PolandThe final recipient of nanoparticles, including various types of copper-based nanoparticles (Cu-based NPs), is the aquatic environment. Their increased production, especially as a component of antimicrobial agents, raises concerns about uncontrolled environmental release and subsequent ecological risks. The high reactivity of Cu-based NPs enables interactions with biotic and abiotic environmental components, leading to bioaccumulation and disorders in living organisms, such as fish in various life stages, especially in embryos or hatchlings. Increasing concentration of Cu-based NPs causes various toxic effects, mainly through the induction of oxidative stress. These effects include impairment of antioxidant mechanisms, as well as damage to genetic material, cells and tissues, growth retardation, metabolic disorders, increased mortality, or hatching inhibition. The aim of this review is to describe the release routes of Cu-based NPs and their adverse effects on fish, while emphasizing the need for further research on their toxicity and measures to control their release to the environment. Given the limited data on the toxicity of Cu-based NPs, especially concerning sensitive fish developmental stages, further studies are required.https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/6/472copper nanoparticlesfarmed fishecotoxicologyaquatic environment |
| spellingShingle | Anna Sielska Lidia Skuza Copper Nanoparticles in Aquatic Environment: Release Routes and Oxidative Stress-Mediated Mechanisms of Toxicity to Fish in Various Life Stages and Future Risks Current Issues in Molecular Biology copper nanoparticles farmed fish ecotoxicology aquatic environment |
| title | Copper Nanoparticles in Aquatic Environment: Release Routes and Oxidative Stress-Mediated Mechanisms of Toxicity to Fish in Various Life Stages and Future Risks |
| title_full | Copper Nanoparticles in Aquatic Environment: Release Routes and Oxidative Stress-Mediated Mechanisms of Toxicity to Fish in Various Life Stages and Future Risks |
| title_fullStr | Copper Nanoparticles in Aquatic Environment: Release Routes and Oxidative Stress-Mediated Mechanisms of Toxicity to Fish in Various Life Stages and Future Risks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Copper Nanoparticles in Aquatic Environment: Release Routes and Oxidative Stress-Mediated Mechanisms of Toxicity to Fish in Various Life Stages and Future Risks |
| title_short | Copper Nanoparticles in Aquatic Environment: Release Routes and Oxidative Stress-Mediated Mechanisms of Toxicity to Fish in Various Life Stages and Future Risks |
| title_sort | copper nanoparticles in aquatic environment release routes and oxidative stress mediated mechanisms of toxicity to fish in various life stages and future risks |
| topic | copper nanoparticles farmed fish ecotoxicology aquatic environment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/6/472 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT annasielska coppernanoparticlesinaquaticenvironmentreleaseroutesandoxidativestressmediatedmechanismsoftoxicitytofishinvariouslifestagesandfuturerisks AT lidiaskuza coppernanoparticlesinaquaticenvironmentreleaseroutesandoxidativestressmediatedmechanismsoftoxicitytofishinvariouslifestagesandfuturerisks |