Copper Nanoparticles in Aquatic Environment: Release Routes and Oxidative Stress-Mediated Mechanisms of Toxicity to Fish in Various Life Stages and Future Risks

The final recipient of nanoparticles, including various types of copper-based nanoparticles (Cu-based NPs), is the aquatic environment. Their increased production, especially as a component of antimicrobial agents, raises concerns about uncontrolled environmental release and subsequent ecological ri...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Anna Sielska, Lidia Skuza
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Current Issues in Molecular Biology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/6/472
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