Causality and ability beliefs: An introduction to confounders and colliders

Causal inference is a fundamental goal of many research endeavors, including scholarship in the field of language education and learning. Randomized controlled trials are considered an ideal design to test causal claims, but not all claims can be subjected to experimental treatment due to ethical an...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ali H. Al-Hoorie, Phil Hiver
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań 2025-06-01
Series:Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
Subjects:
Online Access:https://pressto.amu.edu.pl/index.php/ssllt/article/view/48231
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