Cadmium as the Critical Limiting Factor in the Co-Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash in Cement Kilns: Implications for Three-Stage Water Washing Efficiency and Safe Dosage Control

The co-disposal of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA) in cement kilns is an effective method for managing incineration by-products in China. However, the presence of heavy metals in MSWI-FA raises environmental concerns. This study analyzed the Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni concentrat...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zhonggen Li, Qingfeng Wang, Li Tang, Liangliang Yang, Guangyi Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Toxics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/7/593
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