3D-printed microfibers encapsulating stem cells in scaffold with tri-culture and two-stage metformin release for bone/vasculature/nerve regeneration in rats

3D-printed microfibers encapsulating stem cells in scaffold with tri-culture and two-stage metformin release for bone/vasculature/nerve regeneration in rats

Introduction: Regeneration of critical-sized bone defects remains a major clinical challenge. Solely promoting osteogenesis is inadequate, because vasculature and neural innervation are critical for establishing the bone regenerative microenvironment. Objective: For the first time, the present study...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Minjia Zhu, Xinyi Li, Le Xiao, Kan Yu, Jingyi Li, Zixiang Dai, Qinrou Zhang, Jialiang Dai, Zihan Jia, Yuxing Bai, Ke Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2025-09-01
Series:Bioactive Materials
Subjects:
Bone tissue engineering
Innervation
Osteogenesis
Tri-culture
Metformin
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452199X25001975
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http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452199X25001975

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