Effects of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Grain Yield and Quality in Different Wheat Cultivars

Effects of Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> on Grain Yield and Quality in Different Wheat Cultivars

While the effects of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> (eCO<sub>2</sub>) on crops have been extensively studied, cultivar-specific responses and impacts under higher CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations (>800 μmol/mol) remain unclear. Here, we addressed these two aspects to rev...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yue Zhang, Chaoyong Kang, Shan Lin, Zaijun Yang, Yichao Wu, Shuhong Wei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Agronomy
Subjects:
net photosynthetic rate
transpiration rate
stomatal conductance
intrinsic water use efficiency
grain size
amino acid content
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/6/1359
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Summary:While the effects of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> (eCO<sub>2</sub>) on crops have been extensively studied, cultivar-specific responses and impacts under higher CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations (>800 μmol/mol) remain unclear. Here, we addressed these two aspects to reveal the effects of eCO<sub>2</sub> (approximately 900 μmol/mol) on the yield and quality of three wheat cultivars, Chinese spring (CS), Chuanmai 44 and Neimai 9. The results indicated the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and water use efficiency (WUEi) of the three cultivars significantly increased under 900 μmol/mol CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> increased the hundred-grain weight (HGW) of Chuanmai 44 (+32.51%, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and Neimai 9 (+8.47% <i>p</i> < 0.05), but had little effect on HGW of CS. CO<sub>2</sub> elevation significantly increased the N content in the grain of CS (+7.27%, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> enhanced amino acid biosynthesis in CS but suppressed it in Chuanmai 44 and Neimai 9. No significant changes in grain mineral concentrations occurred in CS and Chuanmai 44 under eCO<sub>2</sub> conditions. Neimai 9 demonstrated significant decreases in K and Mg, with non-significant reductions in other elements. The effects of eCO<sub>2</sub> on grain yield and quality were closely linked to cultivars. This study will provide insights for understanding effects of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration and cultivar interactions on crop growth and selecting wheat cultivar to cope with future climate change.
ISSN:2073-4395

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