Effects of a multicomponent exercise regimen on subchondral bone and cartilage in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis: protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Abstract Background Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is considered a whole-joint disease that is amenable to prevention and treatment in the early stages. Exercise is among the core treatment recommendations for KOA and it has been suggested that optimal exercise regimens should improve aerobic capacity an...
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2025-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-025-08928-1 |
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| author | Ville-Markus Konola Jari Parkkari Juhani Multanen Riku Nikander Timo Rantalainen Johanna Vesanto Satu Pekkala Merja Kalaja Johanna K. Ihalainen Benjamin Waller Matti Munukka Harri Sievänen Mika Nevalainen Hannu Kautiainen Victor Casula Juha Paloneva Tommi Vasankari Arttu Peuna Simo Saarakkala Miika T. Nieminen Ari Heinonen |
| author_facet | Ville-Markus Konola Jari Parkkari Juhani Multanen Riku Nikander Timo Rantalainen Johanna Vesanto Satu Pekkala Merja Kalaja Johanna K. Ihalainen Benjamin Waller Matti Munukka Harri Sievänen Mika Nevalainen Hannu Kautiainen Victor Casula Juha Paloneva Tommi Vasankari Arttu Peuna Simo Saarakkala Miika T. Nieminen Ari Heinonen |
| author_sort | Ville-Markus Konola |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is considered a whole-joint disease that is amenable to prevention and treatment in the early stages. Exercise is among the core treatment recommendations for KOA and it has been suggested that optimal exercise regimens should improve aerobic capacity and knee extensor strength. Subchondral bone and articular cartilage are functionally paired, and information on the responses of these tissues to exercise may help in the development of efficacious and feasible exercise regimens that can potentially improve bone and cartilage properties. This article describes a clinical trial investigating the effects of a multicomponent exercise regimen on the subchondral bone and articular cartilage of the knee joint in postmenopausal women with mild KOA. Methods A minimum of 90 postmenopausal women between the ages of 55 and 75 meeting the inclusion criteria will be recruited. After an initial assessment, the participants will be randomly assigned to two groups. The intervention group will participate in a progressive multicomponent exercise regimen, including step aerobics and resistance training alternating every 2 weeks, for 50 min three times a week for 8 months. The reference group will be conducting home exercise program representing standard rehabilitative management for KOA patients. The primary outcome measures of this trial are the 8-month changes in the biochemical composition of the knee articular cartilage measured by the T1r and T2 relaxation times from quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and subchondral bone sclerosis, density and structure as measured via cone beam computed tomography. Measurements will be performed at baseline, after the 8-month intervention period, and at 12 months of maintenance. Discussion This RCT investigates the effectiveness of a multicomponent exercise regimen on the subchondral bone and cartilage of the knee joint and the potential interaction between these tissues. The information gained will improve our understanding of the effects of exercise on subchondral bone and the biochemical properties of articular cartilage and improve the prescription of multicomponent exercise regimens in the management of mild KOA. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06173193. Retrospectively registered before completion of the recruitment on 31 October 2023, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06173193 . |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e7d1eaffceb54a0f8b21a6b858216d2c |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 1745-6215 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e7d1eaffceb54a0f8b21a6b858216d2c2025-06-29T11:16:32ZengBMCTrials1745-62152025-06-0126111510.1186/s13063-025-08928-1Effects of a multicomponent exercise regimen on subchondral bone and cartilage in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis: protocol for a randomized controlled trialVille-Markus Konola0Jari Parkkari1Juhani Multanen2Riku Nikander3Timo Rantalainen4Johanna Vesanto5Satu Pekkala6Merja Kalaja7Johanna K. Ihalainen8Benjamin Waller9Matti Munukka10Harri Sievänen11Mika Nevalainen12Hannu Kautiainen13Victor Casula14Juha Paloneva15Tommi Vasankari16Arttu Peuna17Simo Saarakkala18Miika T. Nieminen19Ari Heinonen20Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of JyväskyläFaculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of TampereSouth-Eastern Finland University of Applied SciencesFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of JyväskyläFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of JyväskyläFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of JyväskyläFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of JyväskyläFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of JyväskyläFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of JyväskyläFinnish Institute of High Performance Sport KIHUFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of JyväskyläUKK Institute for Health Promotion ResearchResearch Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of OuluPrimary Health Care Unit, Kuopio University HospitalResearch Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of OuluDepartment of Surgery, Hospital Nova, Wellbeing Services County of Central FinlandFaculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of TampereDepartment of Diagnostic Services, Hospital Nova, Wellbeing Services County of Central FinlandResearch Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of OuluResearch Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of OuluFaculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of JyväskyläAbstract Background Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is considered a whole-joint disease that is amenable to prevention and treatment in the early stages. Exercise is among the core treatment recommendations for KOA and it has been suggested that optimal exercise regimens should improve aerobic capacity and knee extensor strength. Subchondral bone and articular cartilage are functionally paired, and information on the responses of these tissues to exercise may help in the development of efficacious and feasible exercise regimens that can potentially improve bone and cartilage properties. This article describes a clinical trial investigating the effects of a multicomponent exercise regimen on the subchondral bone and articular cartilage of the knee joint in postmenopausal women with mild KOA. Methods A minimum of 90 postmenopausal women between the ages of 55 and 75 meeting the inclusion criteria will be recruited. After an initial assessment, the participants will be randomly assigned to two groups. The intervention group will participate in a progressive multicomponent exercise regimen, including step aerobics and resistance training alternating every 2 weeks, for 50 min three times a week for 8 months. The reference group will be conducting home exercise program representing standard rehabilitative management for KOA patients. The primary outcome measures of this trial are the 8-month changes in the biochemical composition of the knee articular cartilage measured by the T1r and T2 relaxation times from quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and subchondral bone sclerosis, density and structure as measured via cone beam computed tomography. Measurements will be performed at baseline, after the 8-month intervention period, and at 12 months of maintenance. Discussion This RCT investigates the effectiveness of a multicomponent exercise regimen on the subchondral bone and cartilage of the knee joint and the potential interaction between these tissues. The information gained will improve our understanding of the effects of exercise on subchondral bone and the biochemical properties of articular cartilage and improve the prescription of multicomponent exercise regimens in the management of mild KOA. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06173193. Retrospectively registered before completion of the recruitment on 31 October 2023, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06173193 .https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-025-08928-1OsteoarthritisKneeSubchondral boneCartilageExercise therapy |
| spellingShingle | Ville-Markus Konola Jari Parkkari Juhani Multanen Riku Nikander Timo Rantalainen Johanna Vesanto Satu Pekkala Merja Kalaja Johanna K. Ihalainen Benjamin Waller Matti Munukka Harri Sievänen Mika Nevalainen Hannu Kautiainen Victor Casula Juha Paloneva Tommi Vasankari Arttu Peuna Simo Saarakkala Miika T. Nieminen Ari Heinonen Effects of a multicomponent exercise regimen on subchondral bone and cartilage in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis: protocol for a randomized controlled trial Trials Osteoarthritis Knee Subchondral bone Cartilage Exercise therapy |
| title | Effects of a multicomponent exercise regimen on subchondral bone and cartilage in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis: protocol for a randomized controlled trial |
| title_full | Effects of a multicomponent exercise regimen on subchondral bone and cartilage in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis: protocol for a randomized controlled trial |
| title_fullStr | Effects of a multicomponent exercise regimen on subchondral bone and cartilage in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis: protocol for a randomized controlled trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of a multicomponent exercise regimen on subchondral bone and cartilage in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis: protocol for a randomized controlled trial |
| title_short | Effects of a multicomponent exercise regimen on subchondral bone and cartilage in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis: protocol for a randomized controlled trial |
| title_sort | effects of a multicomponent exercise regimen on subchondral bone and cartilage in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis protocol for a randomized controlled trial |
| topic | Osteoarthritis Knee Subchondral bone Cartilage Exercise therapy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-025-08928-1 |
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