Pharmacokinetics of difloxacin in Sichuan Shelducks after single or multiple dosing
This study evaluated both single and multiple dosing regimens of difloxacin administered via different routes to Sichuan Shelducks: single intramuscular (sIM), intravenous (sIV), oral gavage (sPO), and multiple intramuscular (mIM) and oral gavage (mPO) administrations. The sIV, sPO, and sIM groups r...
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Elsevier
2025-10-01
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| Series: | Poultry Science |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579125007989 |
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| author | Yang-Guang Jin Fang Yang Yu-Rong Yang Yue Liu Yan-Ni Zhang Yu-Xin Chen Long-Ji Sun Shi-Hao Li Wen-Rui Wang Fan Yang Xing-Ping Li |
| author_facet | Yang-Guang Jin Fang Yang Yu-Rong Yang Yue Liu Yan-Ni Zhang Yu-Xin Chen Long-Ji Sun Shi-Hao Li Wen-Rui Wang Fan Yang Xing-Ping Li |
| author_sort | Yang-Guang Jin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study evaluated both single and multiple dosing regimens of difloxacin administered via different routes to Sichuan Shelducks: single intramuscular (sIM), intravenous (sIV), oral gavage (sPO), and multiple intramuscular (mIM) and oral gavage (mPO) administrations. The sIV, sPO, and sIM groups received a single dose of difloxacin at 10 mg/kg body weight (BW). The mPO and mIM groups received multiple doses of 10 mg/kg BW at 12-hour intervals: the mPO group received 10 oral doses, and the mIM group received 6 intramuscular doses. Blood samples were collected at various time points from 0 to 48 hours, and plasma concentrations of difloxacin were analyzed using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using Phoenix software and non-compartmental analysis (NCA). The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) values were 2.05 ± 0.60, 2.26 ± 0.36, 2.81 ± 0.92, and 3.42 ± 0.59 μg/mL for the sPO, sIM, mPO, and mIM groups, respectively, with corresponding peak time (tmax) of 0.75 ± 0.17, 0.77 ± 0.26, 0.96 ± 0.61, and 0.65 ± 0.33 hours. The PO and IM bioavailability (F) after single administration were 96.00 % ± 22.03 % and 87.62 % ± 9.81 %, respectively. Following single IV administration, difloxacin exhibited extensive distribution, with a volume of distribution (VZ) of 6.12 ± 3.59 L/kg and a steady-state volume of distribution (VSS) of 3.18 ± 1.09 L/kg. Difloxacin was eliminated slowly, with terminal half-lives (t1/2λz) of 10.77 ± 1.78, 4.53 ± 4.44, 4.53 ± 2.97, 6.00 ± 2.00, and 5.33 ± 4.35 hours in the sPO, sIM, sIV, mPO, and mIM groups, respectively. Based on the AUC/MIC ratios, the current single IV and PO dosing regimens, as well as the multiple IM and PO regimens, appear effective against pathogens with MIC values ≤ 0.1 μg/mL. However, the single IM dose of 10 mg/kg BW may be inadequate for treating infections caused by organisms with MIC values > 0.1 μg/mL. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e5c93a28b32f43c0a82e8da71ad5d27f |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 0032-5791 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Poultry Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-e5c93a28b32f43c0a82e8da71ad5d27f2025-07-13T04:53:29ZengElsevierPoultry Science0032-57912025-10-0110410105555Pharmacokinetics of difloxacin in Sichuan Shelducks after single or multiple dosingYang-Guang Jin0Fang Yang1Yu-Rong Yang2Yue Liu3Yan-Ni Zhang4Yu-Xin Chen5Long-Ji Sun6Shi-Hao Li7Wen-Rui Wang8Fan Yang9Xing-Ping Li10College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, ChinaSchool of Biological and Food Processing Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, 463000, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China; Corresponding author at: Department of Animal Pharmacy, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, PR China.This study evaluated both single and multiple dosing regimens of difloxacin administered via different routes to Sichuan Shelducks: single intramuscular (sIM), intravenous (sIV), oral gavage (sPO), and multiple intramuscular (mIM) and oral gavage (mPO) administrations. The sIV, sPO, and sIM groups received a single dose of difloxacin at 10 mg/kg body weight (BW). The mPO and mIM groups received multiple doses of 10 mg/kg BW at 12-hour intervals: the mPO group received 10 oral doses, and the mIM group received 6 intramuscular doses. Blood samples were collected at various time points from 0 to 48 hours, and plasma concentrations of difloxacin were analyzed using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using Phoenix software and non-compartmental analysis (NCA). The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) values were 2.05 ± 0.60, 2.26 ± 0.36, 2.81 ± 0.92, and 3.42 ± 0.59 μg/mL for the sPO, sIM, mPO, and mIM groups, respectively, with corresponding peak time (tmax) of 0.75 ± 0.17, 0.77 ± 0.26, 0.96 ± 0.61, and 0.65 ± 0.33 hours. The PO and IM bioavailability (F) after single administration were 96.00 % ± 22.03 % and 87.62 % ± 9.81 %, respectively. Following single IV administration, difloxacin exhibited extensive distribution, with a volume of distribution (VZ) of 6.12 ± 3.59 L/kg and a steady-state volume of distribution (VSS) of 3.18 ± 1.09 L/kg. Difloxacin was eliminated slowly, with terminal half-lives (t1/2λz) of 10.77 ± 1.78, 4.53 ± 4.44, 4.53 ± 2.97, 6.00 ± 2.00, and 5.33 ± 4.35 hours in the sPO, sIM, sIV, mPO, and mIM groups, respectively. Based on the AUC/MIC ratios, the current single IV and PO dosing regimens, as well as the multiple IM and PO regimens, appear effective against pathogens with MIC values ≤ 0.1 μg/mL. However, the single IM dose of 10 mg/kg BW may be inadequate for treating infections caused by organisms with MIC values > 0.1 μg/mL.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579125007989DifloxacinSichuan ShelducksHPLCPharmacokineticsBioavailability |
| spellingShingle | Yang-Guang Jin Fang Yang Yu-Rong Yang Yue Liu Yan-Ni Zhang Yu-Xin Chen Long-Ji Sun Shi-Hao Li Wen-Rui Wang Fan Yang Xing-Ping Li Pharmacokinetics of difloxacin in Sichuan Shelducks after single or multiple dosing Poultry Science Difloxacin Sichuan Shelducks HPLC Pharmacokinetics Bioavailability |
| title | Pharmacokinetics of difloxacin in Sichuan Shelducks after single or multiple dosing |
| title_full | Pharmacokinetics of difloxacin in Sichuan Shelducks after single or multiple dosing |
| title_fullStr | Pharmacokinetics of difloxacin in Sichuan Shelducks after single or multiple dosing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pharmacokinetics of difloxacin in Sichuan Shelducks after single or multiple dosing |
| title_short | Pharmacokinetics of difloxacin in Sichuan Shelducks after single or multiple dosing |
| title_sort | pharmacokinetics of difloxacin in sichuan shelducks after single or multiple dosing |
| topic | Difloxacin Sichuan Shelducks HPLC Pharmacokinetics Bioavailability |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579125007989 |
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