An accurate model of SMES for load frequency control in renewable power systems
This study introduces a state-of-the-art model of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) designed to replicate its real-time functionality when utilized for power system frequency support. Unlike conventional SMES models that continuously exchange power with the grid, the proposed model oper...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-10-01
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| Series: | Ain Shams Engineering Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090447925003879 |
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| author | Gaber Magdy Mahmoud Bakeer Hani Albalawi Sherif A. Zaid Abualkasim Bakeer |
| author_facet | Gaber Magdy Mahmoud Bakeer Hani Albalawi Sherif A. Zaid Abualkasim Bakeer |
| author_sort | Gaber Magdy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study introduces a state-of-the-art model of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) designed to replicate its real-time functionality when utilized for power system frequency support. Unlike conventional SMES models that continuously exchange power with the grid, the proposed model operates in a free-wheeling state during stable periods and activates only during transient disturbances, significantly reducing unnecessary energy cycling. A dynamic current-limiting mechanism, implemented using NAND logic gates, ensures that the SMES coil current remains within safe operating limits, protecting the superconducting state and extending the system lifespan. Therefore, the shortcomings of conventional SMES models used in the literature are thoroughly explored in this study. The proposed SMES model is tested for its ability to support the frequency stability of a microgrid taking into account the high penetration of renewable energy resources. The simulation results performed using MATLAB software prove the viability of the suggested SMES model in supporting the frequency stability of renewable energy systems. A real-time implementation using the RT-BOX platform enhances the depth and reliability of the theoretical analysis. These findings highlight the proposed SMES model as a cost-effective and technically superior solution for frequency stability support of renewable-rich microgrids. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-db5323d8cdca483a9a56edabca399add |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2090-4479 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ain Shams Engineering Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-db5323d8cdca483a9a56edabca399add2025-07-26T05:23:01ZengElsevierAin Shams Engineering Journal2090-44792025-10-011610103646An accurate model of SMES for load frequency control in renewable power systemsGaber Magdy0Mahmoud Bakeer1Hani Albalawi2Sherif A. Zaid3Abualkasim Bakeer4Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; Faculty of Engineering, King Salman International University, El-Tor, South Sinai, 46511, EgyptDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81542, EgyptElectrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47913, Saudi Arabia; Renewable Energy and Environmental Technology Centre, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47913, Saudi ArabiaElectrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47913, Saudi Arabia; Renewable Energy and Environmental Technology Centre, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47913, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author at: Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47913, Saudi Arabia.Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81542, EgyptThis study introduces a state-of-the-art model of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) designed to replicate its real-time functionality when utilized for power system frequency support. Unlike conventional SMES models that continuously exchange power with the grid, the proposed model operates in a free-wheeling state during stable periods and activates only during transient disturbances, significantly reducing unnecessary energy cycling. A dynamic current-limiting mechanism, implemented using NAND logic gates, ensures that the SMES coil current remains within safe operating limits, protecting the superconducting state and extending the system lifespan. Therefore, the shortcomings of conventional SMES models used in the literature are thoroughly explored in this study. The proposed SMES model is tested for its ability to support the frequency stability of a microgrid taking into account the high penetration of renewable energy resources. The simulation results performed using MATLAB software prove the viability of the suggested SMES model in supporting the frequency stability of renewable energy systems. A real-time implementation using the RT-BOX platform enhances the depth and reliability of the theoretical analysis. These findings highlight the proposed SMES model as a cost-effective and technically superior solution for frequency stability support of renewable-rich microgrids.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090447925003879Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES)Renewable energy sources (RESs)Microgrid (µG)Load frequency control (LFC) |
| spellingShingle | Gaber Magdy Mahmoud Bakeer Hani Albalawi Sherif A. Zaid Abualkasim Bakeer An accurate model of SMES for load frequency control in renewable power systems Ain Shams Engineering Journal Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) Renewable energy sources (RESs) Microgrid (µG) Load frequency control (LFC) |
| title | An accurate model of SMES for load frequency control in renewable power systems |
| title_full | An accurate model of SMES for load frequency control in renewable power systems |
| title_fullStr | An accurate model of SMES for load frequency control in renewable power systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | An accurate model of SMES for load frequency control in renewable power systems |
| title_short | An accurate model of SMES for load frequency control in renewable power systems |
| title_sort | accurate model of smes for load frequency control in renewable power systems |
| topic | Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) Renewable energy sources (RESs) Microgrid (µG) Load frequency control (LFC) |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090447925003879 |
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