Extraction, Detection, and Quantification Methods for Analyzing Glyphosate and AMPA in Foods: Challenges and Opportunities
Glyphosate (GLYP) is an effective and low-cost broad-spectrum herbicide. However, this herbicide and its primary degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), have been linked with adverse human health effects. The global use of glyphosate has significantly increased in recent years, resul...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Andony David González-Cruz Luis Miguel Anaya-Esparza Ignacio Valenzuela-Chavira Fernando Martínez-Esquivias José Martín Ruvalcaba-Gómez Jorge Manuel Silva-Jara Carlos Arnulfo Velázquez-Carriles Iván Balderas-León Ramón I. Arteaga-Garibay Zuamí Villagrán |
| author_facet | Andony David González-Cruz Luis Miguel Anaya-Esparza Ignacio Valenzuela-Chavira Fernando Martínez-Esquivias José Martín Ruvalcaba-Gómez Jorge Manuel Silva-Jara Carlos Arnulfo Velázquez-Carriles Iván Balderas-León Ramón I. Arteaga-Garibay Zuamí Villagrán |
| author_sort | Andony David González-Cruz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glyphosate (GLYP) is an effective and low-cost broad-spectrum herbicide. However, this herbicide and its primary degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), have been linked with adverse human health effects. The global use of glyphosate has significantly increased in recent years, resulting in more direct and indirect human exposure. In this context, GLYP and AMPA are often detected in fresh and processed foods for adults and infants, as well as in drinking water worldwide. Diverse extraction and quantification methods for GLYP and AMPA from foods have been developed. Solid-phase extraction and QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) are the most frequently employed cleanup strategies, while LC-MS/MS is one of the most sensitive and selective techniques for detecting GLYP and AMPA in food products. Although most studies show that GLYP and AMPA concentrations in foods remain within established maximum residue limits, occasionally they exceed legal limits. Thus, the widespread presence of GLYP and AMPA in foodstuffs is a public concern that may lead to consumers exceeding the acceptable daily intake due to prolonged dietary exposure, even if levels remain within thresholds. Therefore, this review explores the different approaches and techniques used in the extraction, detection, and quantification of GLYP and AMPA in foods. |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-d9e00930d87b4777a4fe40b6fafa62a92025-07-11T14:35:19ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-06-011513697910.3390/app15136979Extraction, Detection, and Quantification Methods for Analyzing Glyphosate and AMPA in Foods: Challenges and OpportunitiesAndony David González-Cruz0Luis Miguel Anaya-Esparza1Ignacio Valenzuela-Chavira2Fernando Martínez-Esquivias3José Martín Ruvalcaba-Gómez4Jorge Manuel Silva-Jara5Carlos Arnulfo Velázquez-Carriles6Iván Balderas-León7Ramón I. Arteaga-Garibay8Zuamí Villagrán9Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, MexicoCentro de Estudios para la Agricultura, la Alimentación y la Crisis Climática, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, MexicoDepartamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, MexicoDepartamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, MexicoCentro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47600, MexicoDepartamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, MexicoDepartamento de Ingeniería Biológica, Sintética y de Materiales, Centro Universitario de Tlajomulco, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tlajomulco de Zúniga 45641, MexicoDepartamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, MexicoCentro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47600, MexicoDepartamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, MexicoGlyphosate (GLYP) is an effective and low-cost broad-spectrum herbicide. However, this herbicide and its primary degradation product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), have been linked with adverse human health effects. The global use of glyphosate has significantly increased in recent years, resulting in more direct and indirect human exposure. In this context, GLYP and AMPA are often detected in fresh and processed foods for adults and infants, as well as in drinking water worldwide. Diverse extraction and quantification methods for GLYP and AMPA from foods have been developed. Solid-phase extraction and QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) are the most frequently employed cleanup strategies, while LC-MS/MS is one of the most sensitive and selective techniques for detecting GLYP and AMPA in food products. Although most studies show that GLYP and AMPA concentrations in foods remain within established maximum residue limits, occasionally they exceed legal limits. Thus, the widespread presence of GLYP and AMPA in foodstuffs is a public concern that may lead to consumers exceeding the acceptable daily intake due to prolonged dietary exposure, even if levels remain within thresholds. Therefore, this review explores the different approaches and techniques used in the extraction, detection, and quantification of GLYP and AMPA in foods.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/6979glyphosateAMPAherbicidecontaminantenvironmentalfoods |
| spellingShingle | Andony David González-Cruz Luis Miguel Anaya-Esparza Ignacio Valenzuela-Chavira Fernando Martínez-Esquivias José Martín Ruvalcaba-Gómez Jorge Manuel Silva-Jara Carlos Arnulfo Velázquez-Carriles Iván Balderas-León Ramón I. Arteaga-Garibay Zuamí Villagrán Extraction, Detection, and Quantification Methods for Analyzing Glyphosate and AMPA in Foods: Challenges and Opportunities Applied Sciences glyphosate AMPA herbicide contaminant environmental foods |
| title | Extraction, Detection, and Quantification Methods for Analyzing Glyphosate and AMPA in Foods: Challenges and Opportunities |
| title_full | Extraction, Detection, and Quantification Methods for Analyzing Glyphosate and AMPA in Foods: Challenges and Opportunities |
| title_fullStr | Extraction, Detection, and Quantification Methods for Analyzing Glyphosate and AMPA in Foods: Challenges and Opportunities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extraction, Detection, and Quantification Methods for Analyzing Glyphosate and AMPA in Foods: Challenges and Opportunities |
| title_short | Extraction, Detection, and Quantification Methods for Analyzing Glyphosate and AMPA in Foods: Challenges and Opportunities |
| title_sort | extraction detection and quantification methods for analyzing glyphosate and ampa in foods challenges and opportunities |
| topic | glyphosate AMPA herbicide contaminant environmental foods |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/13/6979 |
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