Multiaxial rotational loading compromises the transition zone of the intervertebral disc: Ex vivo study using next‐generation bioreactors
Abstract Bioreactors have become indispensable tools in spine research, enabling long‐term intervertebral disc culture under controlled biological and mechanical conditions. Conventional systems are often limited to uniaxial loading, restricting their ability to replicate the complex, multidirection...
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Wiley
2025-07-01
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Series: | Bioengineering & Translational Medicine |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/btm2.70033 |
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