Energy Management Design of Dual-Motor System for Electric Vehicles Using Whale Optimization Algorithm

Dual-motor electric vehicles enhance power performance and overall output capabilities by enabling the real-time control of the torque distribution between the front and rear wheels, thereby improving handling, stability, and safety. In addition to increased energy efficiency, a dual-motor system pr...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chien-Hsun Wu, Chieh-Lin Tsai, Jie-Ming Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4317
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