Simultaneous adsorptive removal of Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ using raw Norway Spruce biomass: a low-cost and eco-friendly solution for wastewater treatment

Simultaneous adsorptive removal of Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ using raw Norway Spruce biomass: a low-cost and eco-friendly solution for wastewater treatment

This study evaluated the unmodified Norway Spruce Wood Residue (NSWR), an abundant lignocellulosic biomass, for the simultaneous removal of Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ from a quaternary aqueous system. A series of batch adsorption experiments were performed to assess the influence of key operational...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ibrahim G. Al-Labadi, Márk Horváth, Ayah T. Alkilani, Alaa M. Al-Ma'abreh, Mohammed J. K. Bashir, Basem E. Keshta, Ghadir Hanbali, Wail Al Zoubi, Mostafa R. Abukhadra, Haifa A. Alqhtani, Mohamed Hamdy Eid
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Water
Subjects:
adsorption
heavy metals
karst biomass
lignocellulosic biomass
Norway Spruce wood residue
Picea abies (L.)
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frwa.2025.1612232/full
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https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frwa.2025.1612232/full

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