Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Cold-Adapted Bacillus subtilis From the Southern Ocean and Comparative Genomic Insights
Background: Antibiotic resistance is a contemporary public health issue that poses significant environmental and public health concerns. The presence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) microbes has been reported across media irrespective of geography and landscape. This study aimed...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IMR Press
2025-06-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Bioscience-Elite |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.imrpress.com/journal/FBE/17/2/10.31083/FBE38809 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1839636731216789504 |
|---|---|
| author | Shikha Sharma Abhishek Chauhan Anuj Ranjan Rajpal Srivastav Ritu Chauhan Vivek Narayan Singh Tanu Jindal |
| author_facet | Shikha Sharma Abhishek Chauhan Anuj Ranjan Rajpal Srivastav Ritu Chauhan Vivek Narayan Singh Tanu Jindal |
| author_sort | Shikha Sharma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Antibiotic resistance is a contemporary public health issue that poses significant environmental and public health concerns. The presence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) microbes has been reported across media irrespective of geography and landscape. This study aimed to analyze the antibiotic susceptibility of Bacillus subtilis obtained from the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean (39°19′ S, 57°30′ E to 66°38′ S, 76°22′ E). Methods: Bacillus subtilis was revived and cultured on Mannitol Yolk Polymyxin Agar. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed via the agar well diffusion assay against 10 therapeutically significant antibiotics. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to identify the presence of AMR genes. A total of 12 AMR genes were identified via the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD). A comparative genomics approach was employed to investigate the global distribution of AMR genes from 2014 to 2024. Results: Antibiotic susceptibility testing indicated complete resistance to metronidazole, while the isolates remained susceptible to ampicillin, doxycycline, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, cefixime, azithromycin, meropenem, and cotrimoxazole. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative analysis identified 12 AMR genes, including aadK, vanT (within the vanG cluster), ykkC, ykkD, vanW (within the vanI cluster), FosBx1, qacJ, qacG, tet(45), vanY (within the vanM cluster), and blt. The observed resistance mechanisms included antibiotic efflux, target modification, and enzymatic inactivation. Comparative genomic analysis of 15 closely related strains revealed variability in the distribution of AMR genes, with B. subtilis strain MB415 carrying all 12 resistance genes. Conclusion: The detection of antibiotic-resistant B. subtilis in the Southern Ocean suggests potential anthropogenic influences on microbial communities, underscoring the need for continuous surveillance of AMR in remote marine environments to prevent its proliferation and mitigate its ecological consequences. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a3b3db3485ec44bc8d2cb54c7eefda20 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 1945-0494 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | IMR Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Bioscience-Elite |
| spelling | doaj-art-a3b3db3485ec44bc8d2cb54c7eefda202025-07-07T08:37:45ZengIMR PressFrontiers in Bioscience-Elite1945-04942025-06-011723880910.31083/FBE38809S1945-0494(25)00192-4Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Cold-Adapted Bacillus subtilis From the Southern Ocean and Comparative Genomic InsightsShikha Sharma0Abhishek Chauhan1Anuj Ranjan2Rajpal Srivastav3Ritu Chauhan4Vivek Narayan Singh5Tanu Jindal6Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, 201313 Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaAmity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management, Amity University, 201313 Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaAmity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management, Amity University, 201313 Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaAmity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, 201313 Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), 248002 Dehradun, Uttarakhand, IndiaDepartment of Environment Protection, Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, 110007 Delhi, New Delhi, IndiaAmity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management, Amity University, 201313 Noida, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaBackground: Antibiotic resistance is a contemporary public health issue that poses significant environmental and public health concerns. The presence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) microbes has been reported across media irrespective of geography and landscape. This study aimed to analyze the antibiotic susceptibility of Bacillus subtilis obtained from the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean (39°19′ S, 57°30′ E to 66°38′ S, 76°22′ E). Methods: Bacillus subtilis was revived and cultured on Mannitol Yolk Polymyxin Agar. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed via the agar well diffusion assay against 10 therapeutically significant antibiotics. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to identify the presence of AMR genes. A total of 12 AMR genes were identified via the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD). A comparative genomics approach was employed to investigate the global distribution of AMR genes from 2014 to 2024. Results: Antibiotic susceptibility testing indicated complete resistance to metronidazole, while the isolates remained susceptible to ampicillin, doxycycline, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, cefixime, azithromycin, meropenem, and cotrimoxazole. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative analysis identified 12 AMR genes, including aadK, vanT (within the vanG cluster), ykkC, ykkD, vanW (within the vanI cluster), FosBx1, qacJ, qacG, tet(45), vanY (within the vanM cluster), and blt. The observed resistance mechanisms included antibiotic efflux, target modification, and enzymatic inactivation. Comparative genomic analysis of 15 closely related strains revealed variability in the distribution of AMR genes, with B. subtilis strain MB415 carrying all 12 resistance genes. Conclusion: The detection of antibiotic-resistant B. subtilis in the Southern Ocean suggests potential anthropogenic influences on microbial communities, underscoring the need for continuous surveillance of AMR in remote marine environments to prevent its proliferation and mitigate its ecological consequences.https://www.imrpress.com/journal/FBE/17/2/10.31083/FBE38809antimicrobial resistancebacillus subtilisantibioticscomparative genomicsresistant genes |
| spellingShingle | Shikha Sharma Abhishek Chauhan Anuj Ranjan Rajpal Srivastav Ritu Chauhan Vivek Narayan Singh Tanu Jindal Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Cold-Adapted Bacillus subtilis From the Southern Ocean and Comparative Genomic Insights Frontiers in Bioscience-Elite antimicrobial resistance bacillus subtilis antibiotics comparative genomics resistant genes |
| title | Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Cold-Adapted Bacillus subtilis From the Southern Ocean and Comparative Genomic Insights |
| title_full | Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Cold-Adapted Bacillus subtilis From the Southern Ocean and Comparative Genomic Insights |
| title_fullStr | Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Cold-Adapted Bacillus subtilis From the Southern Ocean and Comparative Genomic Insights |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Cold-Adapted Bacillus subtilis From the Southern Ocean and Comparative Genomic Insights |
| title_short | Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Cold-Adapted Bacillus subtilis From the Southern Ocean and Comparative Genomic Insights |
| title_sort | antibiotic resistance patterns in cold adapted bacillus subtilis from the southern ocean and comparative genomic insights |
| topic | antimicrobial resistance bacillus subtilis antibiotics comparative genomics resistant genes |
| url | https://www.imrpress.com/journal/FBE/17/2/10.31083/FBE38809 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shikhasharma antibioticresistancepatternsincoldadaptedbacillussubtilisfromthesouthernoceanandcomparativegenomicinsights AT abhishekchauhan antibioticresistancepatternsincoldadaptedbacillussubtilisfromthesouthernoceanandcomparativegenomicinsights AT anujranjan antibioticresistancepatternsincoldadaptedbacillussubtilisfromthesouthernoceanandcomparativegenomicinsights AT rajpalsrivastav antibioticresistancepatternsincoldadaptedbacillussubtilisfromthesouthernoceanandcomparativegenomicinsights AT rituchauhan antibioticresistancepatternsincoldadaptedbacillussubtilisfromthesouthernoceanandcomparativegenomicinsights AT viveknarayansingh antibioticresistancepatternsincoldadaptedbacillussubtilisfromthesouthernoceanandcomparativegenomicinsights AT tanujindal antibioticresistancepatternsincoldadaptedbacillussubtilisfromthesouthernoceanandcomparativegenomicinsights |