Global Hotspots of Whale–Ship Collision Risk: A Multi-Species Framework Integrating Critical Habitat Zonation and Shipping Pressure for Conservation Prioritization

The expansion of global maritime activities threatens marine ecosystems and biodiversity. Collisions between ships and marine megafauna profoundly impact vulnerable species such as whales, who serve as keystone predators. However, the specific regions most heavily affected by shipping traffic and th...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Bei Wang, Linlin Zhao, Tong Lu, Linjie Li, Tingting Li, Bailin Cong, Shenghao Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Animals
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/14/2144
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