Voltage and Frequency Regulation in Interconnected Power Systems via a (1+PDD<sup>2</sup>)-(1+TI) Cascade Controller Optimized by Mirage Search Optimizer

Voltage and Frequency Regulation in Interconnected Power Systems via a (1+PDD<sup>2</sup>)-(1+TI) Cascade Controller Optimized by Mirage Search Optimizer

The combined application of Load Frequency Control (LFC) and Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR), known as Automatic Generation Control (AGC), manages active and reactive power to ensure system stability. This study presents a novel hybrid controller with a (1+PDD<sup>2</sup>)-(1+TI) stru...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Kareem M. AboRas, Ali M. Elkassas, Ashraf Ibrahim Megahed, Hossam Kotb
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Mathematics
Subjects:
(1+PDD<sup>2</sup>) controller
(1+TI) controller
Cascade controller
LFC
AVR
two-area interconnected power system
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/14/2251
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