Markov Observation Models and Deepfakes

Herein, expanded Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are considered as potential deepfake generation and detection tools. The most specific model is the HMM, while the most general is the pairwise Markov chain (PMC). In between, the Markov observation model (MOM) is proposed, where the observations form a M...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Michael A. Kouritzin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Mathematics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/13/2128
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