Extensive thoracic vertebral and chest wall metastases as the initial presentation of breast cancer: a case report and literature review

Metastatic involvement of the bones remains the most common form of distant metastasis in breast cancer, largely due to the anatomical and functional characteristics of the thoracic spine, ribs, and sternum. These structures are notable for their high content of red bone marrow, rich vascularization...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yergen N. Kenzhegulov, Daniyar K. Zhamoldin, Victor G. Aleinikov, Talgat T. Kerimbayev, Berik Zhetpisbaev, Serik Akshulakov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Oncology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1632700/full
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