Development and verification of a real-time energy management system for a dual-energy electric bus using particle swarm optimization
For electric vehicles (EVs), traditional single-battery systems struggle to balance cost, lifespan, and performance under varying load demands and driving cycles. Integrating dual-energy storage systems has thus become an attractive approach to leverage the complementary advantages of each technolog...
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Main Authors: | , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Elsevier
2025-07-01
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Series: | Energy Conversion and Management: X |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590174525002648 |
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