A Hierarchical Evolutionary Search Framework with Manifold Learning for Powertrain Optimization of Flying Vehicles

A Hierarchical Evolutionary Search Framework with Manifold Learning for Powertrain Optimization of Flying Vehicles

Hybrid electric vertical take-off and landing (HEVTOL) flying vehicles serve as effective platforms for efficient transportation, forming a cornerstone of the emerging low-altitude economy. However, the current lack of co-optimization methods for powertrain component sizing and energy controller des...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chenghao Lyu, Nuo Lei, Chaoyi Chen, Hao Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
hybrid electric flying vehicles
multi-objective optimization
Bayesian evolutionary optimization
powertrain sizing
energy controller design
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3350
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