Anterior insular cortex glutamate-glutamine (Glx) levels predict general psychopathology via heightened error sensitivity

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Anterior insular cortex glutamate-glutamine (Glx) levels predict general psychopathology via heightened error sensitivity

IntroductionThe anterior insular cortex (AIC) integrates interoceptive, cognitive-emotional, and error-monitoring signals, and is consistently hyperactive in anxiety and depression. Converging evidence links elevated glutamate + glutamine (Glx) in fronto-insular regions to stress reactivity; however...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Haeorum Park, Minchul Kim, Jaejoong Kim, Sunghwan Kim, Bumseok Jeong
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:	Frontiers in Neuroscience
Subjects:	reinforcement learning general psychopathology functional MRS glutamate error sensitivity
Online Access:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1592015/full
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