Physiology and clinical applications of GIP
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is secreted by enteroendocrine K cells, primarily located in the upper small intestine, in response to food intake and plays a significant role in the postprandial regulation of nutrient metabolism. Although the importance of GIP in metabolic regula...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
The Japan Endocrine Society
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Endocrine Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/endocrj/72/7/72_EJ25-0087/_html/-char/en |
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| Summary: | Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is secreted by enteroendocrine K cells, primarily located in the upper small intestine, in response to food intake and plays a significant role in the postprandial regulation of nutrient metabolism. Although the importance of GIP in metabolic regulation has long been recognized, progress in developing GIP as a therapeutic target has been limited. However, the GIP/GIP receptor (GIPR) axis has garnered increasing attention in recent years. Emerging evidence suggests that dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists and triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonists provide beneficial metabolic effects in individuals with type 2 diabetes and obesity. In this review, we outline the physiological roles of GIP, detailing the mechanisms of GIP secretion from K cells in response to macronutrients, its actions on key target organs involved in metabolic regulation, and ongoing developments in its therapeutic applications. |
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| ISSN: | 1348-4540 |