Xenoline-polarized macrophages as an alternative in vitro model of tumor-associated macrophages in glioblastoma

Xenoline-polarized macrophages as an alternative in vitro model of tumor-associated macrophages in glioblastoma

Abstract Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant non-cancerous cell type in glioblastoma (GBM) and heavily influence GBM biology, contributing to tumor progression, therapeutic resistance, immune evasion, and neovascularization. Current in vitro models that utilize IL-4/IL-13 stimu...

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Main Authors: Hasan Alrefai, Benjamin Lin, Amr Elkholy, Manoj Kumar, Taylor L. Schanel, Kevin J. Lee, Patricia H. Hicks, Joshua C. Anderson, Gao Guo, Eun-Young Erin Ahn, C. Ryan Miller, Christopher D. Willey
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Acta Neuropathologica Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40478-025-02057-1
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https://doi.org/10.1186/s40478-025-02057-1

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