Investigation of early-stage cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome on retinal structure and function evaluated by optical coherence tomography angiography
BackgroundThe retina serves as a non-invasive window to visualize systemic health, with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) enabling simultaneous assessment of retinal structural thickness and vascular density. Suboptimal cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) health status, defined by th...
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| Язык: | английский |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Серии: | Frontiers in Medicine |
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| Online-ссылка: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1614321/full |
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| author | Yunyi Liang Congbi Liang Jianping Yang Wanhua Li Runyi Liang Kun Li Jingfeng Zhang Peiqiong Lao Junhua Zhu Lin An Zhaohao Liang Chubin Ou |
| author_facet | Yunyi Liang Congbi Liang Jianping Yang Wanhua Li Runyi Liang Kun Li Jingfeng Zhang Peiqiong Lao Junhua Zhu Lin An Zhaohao Liang Chubin Ou |
| author_sort | Yunyi Liang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundThe retina serves as a non-invasive window to visualize systemic health, with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) enabling simultaneous assessment of retinal structural thickness and vascular density. Suboptimal cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) health status, defined by the early stage of CKM syndrome, may impact retinal neurovascular integrity, yet comprehensive OCTA-based evaluations remain limited and controversial. This study aimed to investigate retinal structural and vascular alterations in the early-stage CKM using OCTA and explore its potential as a biomarker tool.MethodsA cross-sectional study included 2,153 participants undergoing OCTA during health checks (2023–2024). Early-stage CKM (stages 1–2) is characterized by abnormal levels of glucose, lipid profile, uric acid, or blood pressure. Retinal thickness and vessel density in nine ETDRS grid regions were measured. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified associations between early-stage CKM and OCTA parameters, adjusting for age and gender.ResultsEarly-stage CKM subjects (n = 1,843, 94.5%) exhibited significantly reduced retinal thickness and vessel density across multiple regions compared to healthy controls (all p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed outer temporal thickness (OR = 0.986, p < 0.001), outer superficial vessel density (OR = 1.04, p = 0.020), and inner superior vessel density (OR = 0.962, p = 0.010) as independent predictors of early-stage CKM, alongside age and gender. Specific abnormalities, such as hypertension and diabetes, were associated with distinct regional decreases in thickness and density, suggesting a dose-dependent impact of glycemic dysregulation on retinal health.ConclusionEarly-stage CKM syndrome is associated with subtle retinal structural and vascular alterations detectable by OCTA, particularly within the macular layers. OCTA-derived biomarkers, including outer temporal thickness and macular vessel density, may serve as non-invasive tools for evaluating systemic health status, offering promise for the early detection of metabolic and cardiovascular risks. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3c6574a052d2404ca56bcbb4d373a2f3 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2296-858X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-3c6574a052d2404ca56bcbb4d373a2f32025-07-04T05:17:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2025-07-011210.3389/fmed.2025.16143211614321Investigation of early-stage cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome on retinal structure and function evaluated by optical coherence tomography angiographyYunyi Liang0Congbi Liang1Jianping Yang2Wanhua Li3Runyi Liang4Kun Li5Jingfeng Zhang6Peiqiong Lao7Junhua Zhu8Lin An9Zhaohao Liang10Chubin Ou11Health Management Center of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, ChinaHealth Management Center of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, ChinaHealth Management Center of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, ChinaHealth Management Center of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, ChinaHealth Management Center of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, ChinaHealth Management Center of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, ChinaHealth Management Center of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, ChinaHealth Management Center of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, ChinaHealth Management Center of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, ChinaDepartment of Research and Development, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, ChinaFoshan Research Institute of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Foshan, ChinaDepartment of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaBackgroundThe retina serves as a non-invasive window to visualize systemic health, with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) enabling simultaneous assessment of retinal structural thickness and vascular density. Suboptimal cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) health status, defined by the early stage of CKM syndrome, may impact retinal neurovascular integrity, yet comprehensive OCTA-based evaluations remain limited and controversial. This study aimed to investigate retinal structural and vascular alterations in the early-stage CKM using OCTA and explore its potential as a biomarker tool.MethodsA cross-sectional study included 2,153 participants undergoing OCTA during health checks (2023–2024). Early-stage CKM (stages 1–2) is characterized by abnormal levels of glucose, lipid profile, uric acid, or blood pressure. Retinal thickness and vessel density in nine ETDRS grid regions were measured. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified associations between early-stage CKM and OCTA parameters, adjusting for age and gender.ResultsEarly-stage CKM subjects (n = 1,843, 94.5%) exhibited significantly reduced retinal thickness and vessel density across multiple regions compared to healthy controls (all p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed outer temporal thickness (OR = 0.986, p < 0.001), outer superficial vessel density (OR = 1.04, p = 0.020), and inner superior vessel density (OR = 0.962, p = 0.010) as independent predictors of early-stage CKM, alongside age and gender. Specific abnormalities, such as hypertension and diabetes, were associated with distinct regional decreases in thickness and density, suggesting a dose-dependent impact of glycemic dysregulation on retinal health.ConclusionEarly-stage CKM syndrome is associated with subtle retinal structural and vascular alterations detectable by OCTA, particularly within the macular layers. OCTA-derived biomarkers, including outer temporal thickness and macular vessel density, may serve as non-invasive tools for evaluating systemic health status, offering promise for the early detection of metabolic and cardiovascular risks.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1614321/fullcardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndromeoptical coherence tomography angiographybiomarkerretinal thicknessvessel density (VD) |
| spellingShingle | Yunyi Liang Congbi Liang Jianping Yang Wanhua Li Runyi Liang Kun Li Jingfeng Zhang Peiqiong Lao Junhua Zhu Lin An Zhaohao Liang Chubin Ou Investigation of early-stage cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome on retinal structure and function evaluated by optical coherence tomography angiography Frontiers in Medicine cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome optical coherence tomography angiography biomarker retinal thickness vessel density (VD) |
| title | Investigation of early-stage cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome on retinal structure and function evaluated by optical coherence tomography angiography |
| title_full | Investigation of early-stage cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome on retinal structure and function evaluated by optical coherence tomography angiography |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of early-stage cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome on retinal structure and function evaluated by optical coherence tomography angiography |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of early-stage cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome on retinal structure and function evaluated by optical coherence tomography angiography |
| title_short | Investigation of early-stage cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome on retinal structure and function evaluated by optical coherence tomography angiography |
| title_sort | investigation of early stage cardiovascular kidney metabolic syndrome on retinal structure and function evaluated by optical coherence tomography angiography |
| topic | cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome optical coherence tomography angiography biomarker retinal thickness vessel density (VD) |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1614321/full |
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