Investigation of early-stage cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome on retinal structure and function evaluated by optical coherence tomography angiography

Investigation of early-stage cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome on retinal structure and function evaluated by optical coherence tomography angiography

BackgroundThe retina serves as a non-invasive window to visualize systemic health, with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) enabling simultaneous assessment of retinal structural thickness and vascular density. Suboptimal cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) health status, defined by th...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yunyi Liang, Congbi Liang, Jianping Yang, Wanhua Li, Runyi Liang, Kun Li, Jingfeng Zhang, Peiqiong Lao, Junhua Zhu, Lin An, Zhaohao Liang, Chubin Ou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
Subjects:
cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome
optical coherence tomography angiography
biomarker
retinal thickness
vessel density (VD)
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1614321/full
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https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1614321/full

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