Social instability is associated with an elevated stress response but not with a fitness cost across vertebrate studies

Studies on single species often support that social instability influences physiological stress responses and individual fitness within social groups, yet the underlying mechanisms and adaptive consequences remain unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis spanning from 1970 to 2025, incorporating data f...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Adriana A. Maldonado-Chaparro, Liam R. Dougherty, Loren D. Hayes, Luis A. Ebensperger
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Royal Society 2025-07-01
Series:Royal Society Open Science
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Online Access:https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.250691
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