Isolation, Identification, and Antibiotic Resistance, CRISPR System Analysis of <i>Escherichia coli</i> from Forest Musk Deer in Western China
<i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) is an opportunistic pathogen widely distributed in nature, and multi-drug resistance (MDR) <i>E. coli</i> has been widely recognized as a critical reservoir of resistance genes, posing severe health threats to humans and an...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| author | Kaiwei Yang Xi Wu Hui Ding Bingcun Ma Zengting Li Yin Wang Zexiao Yang Xueping Yao Yan Luo |
| author_facet | Kaiwei Yang Xi Wu Hui Ding Bingcun Ma Zengting Li Yin Wang Zexiao Yang Xueping Yao Yan Luo |
| author_sort | Kaiwei Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) is an opportunistic pathogen widely distributed in nature, and multi-drug resistance (MDR) <i>E. coli</i> has been widely recognized as a critical reservoir of resistance genes, posing severe health threats to humans and animals. A total of 288 <i>E. coli</i> strains were isolated and purified from fresh fecal samples of forest musk deer collected from farms in Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan Provinces of China between 2013 and 2023. This study aimed to conduct antibiotic susceptibility testing and resistance gene detection on the isolated forest musk deer-derived <i>E. coli</i>, analyze the correlations between them, investigate the presence of CRISPR systems within the strains, and perform bioinformatics analysis on the CRISPR systems carried by the strains. Results showed that 138 out of 288 <i>E. coli</i> strains were MDR, with the highest resistance to tetracycline (48.3%), cefalexin (45.1%), and doxycycline (41.7%). Prevalent genes were <i>tetA</i> (41.0%), <i>sul2</i> (30.2%), <i>blaTEM</i> (27.1%), with 29 gene–phenotype pairs correlated. CRISPR system-negative strains had higher resistance rates to 16 antibiotics and lower detection rates only for <i>aac (6′)-Ib-cr</i>, <i>qnrA</i>, and <i>qnrB</i> compared to CRISPR system-positive strains. Regional analysis showed that the problem of drug resistance in Sichuan and Shaanxi was more serious, and that the detection rate of antibiotic resistance genes was relatively high. This study guides <i>E. coli</i> infection control in forest musk deer and enriches resistance research data. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj-art-2f58d98c0e904baf9a6b8d51a1e94ab92025-07-25T13:31:29ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-07-01137168310.3390/microorganisms13071683Isolation, Identification, and Antibiotic Resistance, CRISPR System Analysis of <i>Escherichia coli</i> from Forest Musk Deer in Western ChinaKaiwei Yang0Xi Wu1Hui Ding2Bingcun Ma3Zengting Li4Yin Wang5Zexiao Yang6Xueping Yao7Yan Luo8College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaSichuan Institute for Drug Control, Chengdu 611731, ChinaSichuan Institute for Drug Control, Chengdu 611731, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China<i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) is an opportunistic pathogen widely distributed in nature, and multi-drug resistance (MDR) <i>E. coli</i> has been widely recognized as a critical reservoir of resistance genes, posing severe health threats to humans and animals. A total of 288 <i>E. coli</i> strains were isolated and purified from fresh fecal samples of forest musk deer collected from farms in Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan Provinces of China between 2013 and 2023. This study aimed to conduct antibiotic susceptibility testing and resistance gene detection on the isolated forest musk deer-derived <i>E. coli</i>, analyze the correlations between them, investigate the presence of CRISPR systems within the strains, and perform bioinformatics analysis on the CRISPR systems carried by the strains. Results showed that 138 out of 288 <i>E. coli</i> strains were MDR, with the highest resistance to tetracycline (48.3%), cefalexin (45.1%), and doxycycline (41.7%). Prevalent genes were <i>tetA</i> (41.0%), <i>sul2</i> (30.2%), <i>blaTEM</i> (27.1%), with 29 gene–phenotype pairs correlated. CRISPR system-negative strains had higher resistance rates to 16 antibiotics and lower detection rates only for <i>aac (6′)-Ib-cr</i>, <i>qnrA</i>, and <i>qnrB</i> compared to CRISPR system-positive strains. Regional analysis showed that the problem of drug resistance in Sichuan and Shaanxi was more serious, and that the detection rate of antibiotic resistance genes was relatively high. This study guides <i>E. coli</i> infection control in forest musk deer and enriches resistance research data.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/7/1683forest musk deer<i>Escherichia coli</i>resistance genesantibiotic resistanceCRISPR-Cas system |
| spellingShingle | Kaiwei Yang Xi Wu Hui Ding Bingcun Ma Zengting Li Yin Wang Zexiao Yang Xueping Yao Yan Luo Isolation, Identification, and Antibiotic Resistance, CRISPR System Analysis of <i>Escherichia coli</i> from Forest Musk Deer in Western China Microorganisms forest musk deer <i>Escherichia coli</i> resistance genes antibiotic resistance CRISPR-Cas system |
| title | Isolation, Identification, and Antibiotic Resistance, CRISPR System Analysis of <i>Escherichia coli</i> from Forest Musk Deer in Western China |
| title_full | Isolation, Identification, and Antibiotic Resistance, CRISPR System Analysis of <i>Escherichia coli</i> from Forest Musk Deer in Western China |
| title_fullStr | Isolation, Identification, and Antibiotic Resistance, CRISPR System Analysis of <i>Escherichia coli</i> from Forest Musk Deer in Western China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Isolation, Identification, and Antibiotic Resistance, CRISPR System Analysis of <i>Escherichia coli</i> from Forest Musk Deer in Western China |
| title_short | Isolation, Identification, and Antibiotic Resistance, CRISPR System Analysis of <i>Escherichia coli</i> from Forest Musk Deer in Western China |
| title_sort | isolation identification and antibiotic resistance crispr system analysis of i escherichia coli i from forest musk deer in western china |
| topic | forest musk deer <i>Escherichia coli</i> resistance genes antibiotic resistance CRISPR-Cas system |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/7/1683 |
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