Symbiotic interactions on middle Cambrian echinoderms reveal the oldest parasitism on deuterostomes

Abstract Biotic interactions are considered as major drivers of evolutionary changes, but their identification in the fossil record is extremely rare and controversial. Based on qualitative and quantitative analyses, we report evidence of a biotic interaction between an echinoderm host and its symbi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Iban Goñi, Claude Monnet, Kenneth De Baets, Timothy P. Topper, Sylvie Régnier, Laurenz Schröer, Veerle Cnudde, Peter A. Jell, Sébastien Clausen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-97932-1
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