Systemic humoral immune status in individuals recovered from Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection
Background. EBV infection is one of the most common in the world. The steady increase in the number of diseases caused by this virus, both among adults and children, necessitates a comprehensive study of its effects on the human body and, above all, on the immune system, and the development of effec...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University: Series Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ukrmedsci.com/index.php/visnyk/article/view/184 |
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| Summary: | Background. EBV infection is one of the most common in the world. The steady increase in the number of diseases caused by this virus, both among adults and children, necessitates a comprehensive study of its effects on the human body and, above all, on the immune system, and the development of effective methods of prevention and treatment.
Purpose – to determine the state of systemic humoral immunity in patients with chronic Epstein–Barr virus infection in relation to the level of antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus.
Materials and methods. The state of systemic humoral immunity was studied in 16 patients with chronic Epstein–Barr virus infection in remission without a protective level of antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus (group 1, AT- ) and in 16 patients with this pathology and with a protective level of antibodies to these infections (group 2, AT+). The control group consisted of 20 healthy individuals. The age of the subjects was 20.3 ± 2.3 years. Among the indicators of systemic humoral immunity, the activity of lysozyme and the level of defensins, sIgA, mIgA, IgG in the oropharyngeal secretion, complement activity and the level of mIgA, IgG, IgM and CIC in the blood serum, B-cell parameters studied.
Results. It was found that the level of sIgA in the oropharyngeal secretion in individuals of group 1 (AT- ) was 1.32 times lower than in group 2 (AT+) and 1.44 times lower than in the control. The levels of lysozyme, defensins, mIgA, IgG in groups 1 and 2 of individuals did not significantly differ from healthy individuals. The levels of mIgA, IgM and complement in the blood serum in the experimental groups were within the normal range. In group 1, the level of IgG exceeded the normal range by 12.3%, in group 2 – by 21.6%. In individuals of groups 1 and 2, an increase in the content of B-lymphocytes (CD22+) and B-lymphocytes expressing CD95 and CD25 was observed in the blood compared to the control. The number of B-cells in individuals of group 1 most likely expressed CD95 and in a smaller amount of CD80 than the B-cells of individuals of group 2.
Conclusions. The level of systemic humoral immunity in patients with chronic Epstein– Barr virus infection and who do not have a protective level of AT to diphtheria and tetanus is significantly lower than in individuals who have a protective level of AT to these infections. In individuals of group 1 (AT- ) compared to individuals of group 2 (AT+), the oropharyngeal secretion has a significantly lower level of sIgA, the peripheral blood has a reduced content of lymphocytes, an increased relative number of B cells expressing CD95 and a reduced number of B cells with CD80, as well as reduced IL-2 production and increased IL-10 production. Protective factors of adaptive immunity were more vulnerable to the action of EBV infection than factors of innate immunity. |
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| ISSN: | 2313-6693 2313-2396 |