Mathematical models and computational approaches in CAR-T therapeutics
BackgroundThe field of synthetic biology aims to engineer living organisms for specific therapeutic applications, with CAR-T cell therapy emerging as a groundbreaking approach in cancer treatment due to its potential for flexibility, specificity, predictability, and controllability. CAR-T cell thera...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1581210/full |
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| author | Guido Putignano Guido Putignano Samuel Ruipérez-Campillo Samuel Ruipérez-Campillo Zhou Yuan José Millet Sara Guerrero-Aspizua Sara Guerrero-Aspizua |
| author_facet | Guido Putignano Guido Putignano Samuel Ruipérez-Campillo Samuel Ruipérez-Campillo Zhou Yuan José Millet Sara Guerrero-Aspizua Sara Guerrero-Aspizua |
| author_sort | Guido Putignano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundThe field of synthetic biology aims to engineer living organisms for specific therapeutic applications, with CAR-T cell therapy emerging as a groundbreaking approach in cancer treatment due to its potential for flexibility, specificity, predictability, and controllability. CAR-T cell therapies involve the genetic modification of T cells to target tumor-specific antigens. However, challenges persist because the limited spatio-temporal resolution in current models hinders the therapy’s safety, cost-effectiveness, and overall potential, particularly for solid tumorsMain bodyThis manuscript explores how mathematical models and computational techniques can enhance CAR-T therapy design and predict therapeutic outcomes, focusing on critical factors such as antigen receptor functionality, treatment efficacy, and potential adverse effects. We examine CAR-T cell dynamics and the impact of antigen binding, addressing strategies to overcome antigen escape, cytokine release syndrome, and relapse.ConclusionWe propose a comprehensive framework for using these models to advance CAR-T cell therapy, bridging the gap between existing therapeutic methods and the full potential of CAR-T engineering and its clinical application. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2a399c9ded4c4a3b9d25dce525b71ebf |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-2a399c9ded4c4a3b9d25dce525b71ebf2025-08-01T05:31:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-08-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15812101581210Mathematical models and computational approaches in CAR-T therapeuticsGuido Putignano0Guido Putignano1Samuel Ruipérez-Campillo2Samuel Ruipérez-Campillo3Zhou Yuan4José Millet5Sara Guerrero-Aspizua6Sara Guerrero-Aspizua7bioERGOtech, Taranto, ItalyDepartment of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, SwitzerlandDepartment of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandAI Center, ETH Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandAlfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United StatesITACA Institute, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Valencia, SpainUniversidad Carlos III de Madrid, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, SpainCentre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, SpainBackgroundThe field of synthetic biology aims to engineer living organisms for specific therapeutic applications, with CAR-T cell therapy emerging as a groundbreaking approach in cancer treatment due to its potential for flexibility, specificity, predictability, and controllability. CAR-T cell therapies involve the genetic modification of T cells to target tumor-specific antigens. However, challenges persist because the limited spatio-temporal resolution in current models hinders the therapy’s safety, cost-effectiveness, and overall potential, particularly for solid tumorsMain bodyThis manuscript explores how mathematical models and computational techniques can enhance CAR-T therapy design and predict therapeutic outcomes, focusing on critical factors such as antigen receptor functionality, treatment efficacy, and potential adverse effects. We examine CAR-T cell dynamics and the impact of antigen binding, addressing strategies to overcome antigen escape, cytokine release syndrome, and relapse.ConclusionWe propose a comprehensive framework for using these models to advance CAR-T cell therapy, bridging the gap between existing therapeutic methods and the full potential of CAR-T engineering and its clinical application.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1581210/fullsynthetic biologybiological system modelingCAR-T cellsmathematical modelingcomputational immunotherapytherapeutic optimization |
| spellingShingle | Guido Putignano Guido Putignano Samuel Ruipérez-Campillo Samuel Ruipérez-Campillo Zhou Yuan José Millet Sara Guerrero-Aspizua Sara Guerrero-Aspizua Mathematical models and computational approaches in CAR-T therapeutics Frontiers in Immunology synthetic biology biological system modeling CAR-T cells mathematical modeling computational immunotherapy therapeutic optimization |
| title | Mathematical models and computational approaches in CAR-T therapeutics |
| title_full | Mathematical models and computational approaches in CAR-T therapeutics |
| title_fullStr | Mathematical models and computational approaches in CAR-T therapeutics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mathematical models and computational approaches in CAR-T therapeutics |
| title_short | Mathematical models and computational approaches in CAR-T therapeutics |
| title_sort | mathematical models and computational approaches in car t therapeutics |
| topic | synthetic biology biological system modeling CAR-T cells mathematical modeling computational immunotherapy therapeutic optimization |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1581210/full |
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