Numerical Study on Smoke Characteristics in Ultra-Long Tunnels with Multi-Train Fire Scenarios

Numerical Study on Smoke Characteristics in Ultra-Long Tunnels with Multi-Train Fire Scenarios

Metropolitan city express line tunnels are fully enclosed and often span long distances between stations, allowing multiple trains within a single interval. Traditional segmented ventilation ensures only one train per section, but ultra-long tunnels with shaftless designs introduce new challenges un...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jiaming Zhao, Cheng Zhang, Saiya Feng, Shiyi Chen, Guanhong He, Yanlong Li, Zhisheng Xu, Wenbin Wei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Fire
Subjects:
extra-long interval tunnel
multiple trains
fire smoke spread
temperature distribution
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/8/7/265
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