Cadmium stress alters heterophylly, anatomy, and photosynthetic activity of Hygrophila difformis

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal that poses an environmental risk, but its effects on amphibious plants like Hygrophila difformis, which thrive in both terrestrial and submerged conditions, remain unexplored. This study investigates the morphological, anatomical, and physiological responses of H. diffo...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Abeer Kazmi, Gaojie Li, Jingjing Yang, Xuyao Zhao, Md. Fakhrul Islam, Xiaozhe Li, Seisuke Kimura, Hongwei Hou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325010309
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