Search Results - black layer

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is an emerging machine learning field that has been successful in medical image analysis. Interpretable approaches are able to "unbox" the black-box decisions made by AI systems, aiding medical doctors to justify their diagnostics better. In this p...

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This article analyzes the history of the development of the phenomenon of citizenship in Western Europe, from Antiquity to the Modernity. The analysis uses the binary opposition method, which is the basis for including individuals in or out of citizenship. The citizenship of Ancient Greece was of an...

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<p>The development of long-term, continuous, consistent, and high-quality satellite remote sensing aerosol and surface products is crucial to constrain climate models and improve our understanding of climate change. Particulate Observing Scanning Polarization (POSP) is the first space-borne mu...

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Federated learning (FL) is a machine learning technique that distributes model training to multiple clients while allowing clients to keep their data local. Although the technique allows one to break free from data silos keeping data local, to coordinate such distributed training, it requires an orc...

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Due to unique physicochemical properties including high surface-to-volume ratio, abundant active sites, and tunable surface functionalities, two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as an intriguing platform for anti-inflammatory therapy. This review comprehensively explores the physicochemical c...

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The conventional spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) recycling method suffers from complex processes and excessive chemical consumption. Hence, this study proposes an electrochemical strategy for achieving reductant-free leaching of high-valence transition metals and efficient separation of valuable...

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The introduction of"modern labour market services" and associated new forms of intervention and job placement (known colloquially in Germany as"Hartz") have generated a need for research not only into the concrete practice of job placement, but also into the"job centre organ...

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The increasing adoption of DNNs in critical domains such as healthcare, finance, and autonomous systems underscores the growing importance of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). In these high-stakes applications, understanding the decision-making processes of models is essential for ensuring...

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Citrus diseases can lead to surface defects on citrus fruits, adversely affecting their quality. This study aims to accurately identify citrus defects against varying backgrounds by focusing on four types of diseases: citrus black spot, citrus canker, citrus greening, and citrus melanose. We propose...

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In recent years, UAV technology has developed rapidly and has been widely applied across various fields. However, as the adoption of civilian UAVs continues to grow, there has been a corresponding rise in the number of black flights by UAVs, which may cause criminal activities and privacy and securi...

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The quantity, quality, and accumulation rate of plant litter play a key role in forest floor flammability and, by extension, fire regimes. The varying foliage properties of different tree species also determine litter’s decomposition and its accumulation on the forest floor. The removal of litter by...

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Driven by the global “double carbon” goal, the volatility of renewable energy poses a challenge to the stability of power systems. Traditional methods have difficulty dealing with high-dimensional nonlinear data, and the single deep learning model has the limitations of spatiotemporal feature decoup...

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Follicular dyskeratosis (Darier-White disease) is a hereditary skin disease that is extremely rare in medical practice, so errors in its diagnosis can occur. It was first described in 1889 by two scientists (independently of each other), Ferdinand-Jean Darier and James White. The disease is inherit...

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Food quality and safety are paramount in preserving the culinary authenticity and cultural integrity of Chinese cuisine, characterized by intricate ingredient combinations, diverse cooking techniques (e.g., stir-frying, steaming, and braising), and region-specific flavor profiles. Traditional non-de...

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The integrated approach combining kinematic and structural-paragenetic field tectonophysics techniques allows us to construct a continuous time scan of the stress-strain state (SSS) and deformation modes (DM) from sediment lithification to the final orogenic process for the studied areas. Definition...

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<p>Uncertainties in the direct radiative effect of mineral dust result from the variability in its optical properties but are also influenced by mixing with anthropogenic aerosols (“pollution”), e.g., black carbon or sulfates. This study investigates the effect of mixing pollution with mineral...

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For endodontically treated lateral teeth, direct restoration made of photocomposites is most often used, and indirect ceramic restoration appears to be more promising, for which, however, additional retention is required. The aim of the study was the clinical evaluation of direct photocomposite...

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