Søgeresultater - Bio-protocol LLC

Flippases, a functionally distinct group of transmembrane proteins that flip lipids from the extracellular or luminal side to the cytosolic side of biological membranes, are key players in many important physiological processes, such as membrane trafficking and cellular signaling. To study the funct...

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De novo synthesis of purine nucleotide is essential for the production of genetic materials and cellular chemical energy. PRPP amidotransferase (PPAT) is the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo purine synthesis, thereby playing a crucial regulatory role in this pathway. Recent studies suggest that metab...

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Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) is the main technique to image the structure of biological macromolecules inside their cellular environment. The samples for cryo-ET must be thinner than 200 nm, which is not compatible with micron-sized cells. A focused ion beam (FIB), in conjunction with a scanni...

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Active sampling, such as respiration, is known to play a major role in modulating how sensory information is perceived and encoded in the field of olfaction. Hence, monitoring respiration is crucial for understanding olfactory-guided behavior and physiology. Several methods used to measure respirati...

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Protein purification is essential for drug development, antibody production, and structural biology. We propose a cost-effective chromatography method using elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) as an aggregating core. In this approach, a chilled (target protein)-ELP fusion is loaded onto an immobilized me...

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The persistence of the HIV-1 reservoir remains the ultimate obstacle in achieving a cure. Cure strategies targeting the HIV-1 reservoir are under development, and therefore, finding ways to improve the detection of the reservoir is crucial. Several reservoir detection techniques exist to assess diff...

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Ubiquitination is a post-translational protein modification that regulates a vast majority of processes during protein homeostasis. The covalent attachment of ubiquitin is a highly regulated process carried out by the sequential action of the three enzymes E1, E2, and E3. E3 ligases share a dual fun...

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The study of carbohydrate–protein interactions is crucial for clarifying biological processes and identifying potential drug candidates. However, due to the complex structure of carbohydrates, such as high molecular weight, dynamic flexibility, and high solution viscosity, it is challenging to study...

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The HIV-1 reservoir, consisting of transcriptionally silent integrated HIV-1 proviruses, is a major barrier to a cure, as it persists during effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) and is the source of viral rebound upon treatment interruption. Some of the strategies explored for HIV cure focus on th...

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Malaria remains a major public health threat, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Accurate and rapid diagnosis is essential for effective disease management and control, yet conventional malaria diagnostics, including blood smear microscopy using Giemsa staining, PCR, and rapid diagnosti...

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Mitochondria are dynamic organelles with essential roles in energetics and metabolism. Several metabolites are common to both the cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions of the cell. The compartmentalization of metabolites within the mitochondria allows specialized uses for mitochondrial metabolism. I...

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Since the creation of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in 1988, significant progress has been made toward attaining a poliovirus-free world. This has resulted in the eradication of wild poliovirus (WPV) serotypes two (WPV2) and three (WPV3) and limited transmission of serotype one (WPV...

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The target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) is a highly conserved protein complex whose primary function is to link nutrient availability to cell growth in eukaryotes, particularly nitrogen sources. It was originally identified during the screening of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains resistant to rapa...

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Amyloplasts, non-photosynthetic plastids specialized for starch synthesis and storage, proliferate in storage tissue cells of plants. To date, studies of amyloplast replication in roots and the ovule nucelli from various plant species have been performed using electron and fluorescence microscopy. H...

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Primary oligodendrocyte cultures are a crucial driving force for in vitro research on oligodendrocytes (OLs) and myelin. Various methods are available to obtain oligodendrocyte lineage cells, primarily from neonatal rodent brains or human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In this protocol, we...

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The root meristem navigates the highly variable soil environment where water availability limits water absorption, slowing or halting growth. Traditional studies use uniform high osmotic potentials, poorly representing natural conditions where roots gradually encounter increasing osmotic potentials....

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Science self-efficacy describes the confidence individuals have in their ability to accomplish specific scientific practices. Self-efficacy is one factor linked to success and persistence within STEM fields. The purpose of this protocol is to provide research laboratories with effective methods for...

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Continuous and balanced bone remodeling is essential for maintaining mechanical integrity, mineral homeostasis, and hematopoiesis. Dysregulated bone metabolism develops pathological conditions, such as osteoporosis and bone metastasis. Functional and analytical recapitulation of bone remodeling in v...

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Cancer-associated mesenchymal stem cells (Ca-MSCs), an integral part of the tumor microenvironment, play a major role in modulating tumor progression; they have been reported to progress as well as inhibit various cancers, including cervical cancer. To understand the exact role of Ca-MSCs in tumor m...

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Since the establishment of the iSLK-BAC16 cell culture system, iSLK-BAC16 cells and their derivatives have been widely used for Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) studies. However, iSLK-BAC16 cells can be difficult to work with, in part due to the lack of standardized protocols and confl...

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