Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Triclosan and Other Typical Endocrine Disruptors in Honey
Endocrine disruptors (EDCs) in food pose a significant threat to health. This study developed a method for detecting seven EDCs (triclosan (TCS), triclocarban (TCC), methyltriclosan (MTCS), methylparaben (MeP), propylparaben (PrP), bisphenol F (BPF), and 4-hydroxybenzophenone-3-ethylcarboxylate (4HB...
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2025-06-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/12/2006 |
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| author | Jianing Wang Meiqi Gao Hongmei Li Xinyan Hou Aijun Gong Yanqiu Cao |
| author_facet | Jianing Wang Meiqi Gao Hongmei Li Xinyan Hou Aijun Gong Yanqiu Cao |
| author_sort | Jianing Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Endocrine disruptors (EDCs) in food pose a significant threat to health. This study developed a method for detecting seven EDCs (triclosan (TCS), triclocarban (TCC), methyltriclosan (MTCS), methylparaben (MeP), propylparaben (PrP), bisphenol F (BPF), and 4-hydroxybenzophenone-3-ethylcarboxylate (4HBP)) in honey. The method combines ultrasonic-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with high-performance liquid chromatography. It achieved a recovery rate of 89.70–102.2%, with an RSD value of 1.1–3.9%. Additionally, this study tested 47 honey samples from seven countries, revealing detection rates of TCS at 29.79%, TCC at 19.15%, BPF at 97.87%, 4HBP at 36.17%, MeP at 82.98%, and PrP at 80.85%. Among the 12 nectar sources, citrus flower nectar had the highest TCS detection rate, mother grass nectar had the highest TCC detection rate, and multi-flower nectar had the highest 4HBP detection rate. Moreover, imported honey samples showed higher levels of TCS, BPF, and MeP contamination compared to domestic samples. Honey stored in PET bottles contained the highest levels of EDCs. Finally, health risk assessments indicated that, while the risk for adults is lower, monitoring EDC contamination in food should be strengthened to ensure consumer safety. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj-art-ff7672bd786d49e2b81f09ac8d958e2c2025-06-25T13:50:06ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-06-011412200610.3390/foods14122006Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Triclosan and Other Typical Endocrine Disruptors in HoneyJianing Wang0Meiqi Gao1Hongmei Li2Xinyan Hou3Aijun Gong4Yanqiu Cao5School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaDivision of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100020, ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaEndocrine disruptors (EDCs) in food pose a significant threat to health. This study developed a method for detecting seven EDCs (triclosan (TCS), triclocarban (TCC), methyltriclosan (MTCS), methylparaben (MeP), propylparaben (PrP), bisphenol F (BPF), and 4-hydroxybenzophenone-3-ethylcarboxylate (4HBP)) in honey. The method combines ultrasonic-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with high-performance liquid chromatography. It achieved a recovery rate of 89.70–102.2%, with an RSD value of 1.1–3.9%. Additionally, this study tested 47 honey samples from seven countries, revealing detection rates of TCS at 29.79%, TCC at 19.15%, BPF at 97.87%, 4HBP at 36.17%, MeP at 82.98%, and PrP at 80.85%. Among the 12 nectar sources, citrus flower nectar had the highest TCS detection rate, mother grass nectar had the highest TCC detection rate, and multi-flower nectar had the highest 4HBP detection rate. Moreover, imported honey samples showed higher levels of TCS, BPF, and MeP contamination compared to domestic samples. Honey stored in PET bottles contained the highest levels of EDCs. Finally, health risk assessments indicated that, while the risk for adults is lower, monitoring EDC contamination in food should be strengthened to ensure consumer safety.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/12/2006typical endocrine disruptorshoneyhigh efficiency liquid chromatographyUltrasonication-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction |
| spellingShingle | Jianing Wang Meiqi Gao Hongmei Li Xinyan Hou Aijun Gong Yanqiu Cao Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Triclosan and Other Typical Endocrine Disruptors in Honey Foods typical endocrine disruptors honey high efficiency liquid chromatography Ultrasonication-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction |
| title | Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Triclosan and Other Typical Endocrine Disruptors in Honey |
| title_full | Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Triclosan and Other Typical Endocrine Disruptors in Honey |
| title_fullStr | Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Triclosan and Other Typical Endocrine Disruptors in Honey |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Triclosan and Other Typical Endocrine Disruptors in Honey |
| title_short | Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Triclosan and Other Typical Endocrine Disruptors in Honey |
| title_sort | distribution and health risk assessment of triclosan and other typical endocrine disruptors in honey |
| topic | typical endocrine disruptors honey high efficiency liquid chromatography Ultrasonication-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/12/2006 |
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