Enhancing Bidirectional Modbus TCP ↔ RTU Gateway Performance: A UDP Mechanism and Markov Chain Approach
In the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) field, the diversity of devices and protocols leads to interconnection challenges. Conventional Modbus Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) gateways suffer from high overhead and latency of the TCP protocol stack. To enhance re...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/13/3861 |
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| author | Shuang Zhao Qinghai Zhang Qingjian Zhao Xiaoqian Zhang Yang Guo Shilei Lu Liqiang Song Zhengxu Zhao |
| author_facet | Shuang Zhao Qinghai Zhang Qingjian Zhao Xiaoqian Zhang Yang Guo Shilei Lu Liqiang Song Zhengxu Zhao |
| author_sort | Shuang Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) field, the diversity of devices and protocols leads to interconnection challenges. Conventional Modbus Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) gateways suffer from high overhead and latency of the TCP protocol stack. To enhance real-time communication while ensuring reliability, this study applies Markov chain theory to analyze User Datagram Protocol (UDP) transmission characteristics. An Advanced UDP (AUDP) protocol is proposed by integrating a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) check mechanism, retransmission mechanism, Transaction ID matching mechanism, and exponential backoff mechanism at the UDP application layer. Based on AUDP, a Modbus AUDP-RTU gateway is designed with a lightweight architecture to achieve bidirectional conversion between Modbus AUDP and Modbus RTU. Experimental validation and Markov chain-based modeling demonstrate that the proposed gateway significantly reduces communication latency compared to Modbus TCP-RTU and exhibits higher reliability than Modbus UDP-RTU. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fd8875d3f8b44507b1a74400f8728bf3 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-fd8875d3f8b44507b1a74400f8728bf32025-07-11T14:42:46ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-06-012513386110.3390/s25133861Enhancing Bidirectional Modbus TCP ↔ RTU Gateway Performance: A UDP Mechanism and Markov Chain ApproachShuang Zhao0Qinghai Zhang1Qingjian Zhao2Xiaoqian Zhang3Yang Guo4Shilei Lu5Liqiang Song6Zhengxu Zhao7Shandong Key Laboratory of Space Debris Monitoring and Low-Orbit Satellite Networking, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Space Debris Monitoring and Low-Orbit Satellite Networking, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Space Debris Monitoring and Low-Orbit Satellite Networking, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Space Debris Monitoring and Low-Orbit Satellite Networking, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Space Debris Monitoring and Low-Orbit Satellite Networking, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Space Debris Monitoring and Low-Orbit Satellite Networking, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, ChinaNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Space Debris Monitoring and Low-Orbit Satellite Networking, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, ChinaIn the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) field, the diversity of devices and protocols leads to interconnection challenges. Conventional Modbus Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) gateways suffer from high overhead and latency of the TCP protocol stack. To enhance real-time communication while ensuring reliability, this study applies Markov chain theory to analyze User Datagram Protocol (UDP) transmission characteristics. An Advanced UDP (AUDP) protocol is proposed by integrating a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) check mechanism, retransmission mechanism, Transaction ID matching mechanism, and exponential backoff mechanism at the UDP application layer. Based on AUDP, a Modbus AUDP-RTU gateway is designed with a lightweight architecture to achieve bidirectional conversion between Modbus AUDP and Modbus RTU. Experimental validation and Markov chain-based modeling demonstrate that the proposed gateway significantly reduces communication latency compared to Modbus TCP-RTU and exhibits higher reliability than Modbus UDP-RTU.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/13/3861IIoTcommunication protocolsModbus gatewayTCP/UDPreal-time optimizationAUDP |
| spellingShingle | Shuang Zhao Qinghai Zhang Qingjian Zhao Xiaoqian Zhang Yang Guo Shilei Lu Liqiang Song Zhengxu Zhao Enhancing Bidirectional Modbus TCP ↔ RTU Gateway Performance: A UDP Mechanism and Markov Chain Approach Sensors IIoT communication protocols Modbus gateway TCP/UDP real-time optimization AUDP |
| title | Enhancing Bidirectional Modbus TCP ↔ RTU Gateway Performance: A UDP Mechanism and Markov Chain Approach |
| title_full | Enhancing Bidirectional Modbus TCP ↔ RTU Gateway Performance: A UDP Mechanism and Markov Chain Approach |
| title_fullStr | Enhancing Bidirectional Modbus TCP ↔ RTU Gateway Performance: A UDP Mechanism and Markov Chain Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancing Bidirectional Modbus TCP ↔ RTU Gateway Performance: A UDP Mechanism and Markov Chain Approach |
| title_short | Enhancing Bidirectional Modbus TCP ↔ RTU Gateway Performance: A UDP Mechanism and Markov Chain Approach |
| title_sort | enhancing bidirectional modbus tcp rtu gateway performance a udp mechanism and markov chain approach |
| topic | IIoT communication protocols Modbus gateway TCP/UDP real-time optimization AUDP |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/13/3861 |
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