Corrosion Stability and Biological Activity of Anodized cpTi for Dental Application
The anodic oxidation of titanium implants is a practical, cost-effective method to enhance implant success, especially due to rising hypersensitivity concerns. This study investigated the electrochemical behavior, surface characteristics, and biocompatibility of anodized commercially pure titanium (...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| author | Aleksandra S. Popović Minja Miličić Lazić Dijana Mitić Lazar Rakočević Dragana Jugović Predrag Živković Branimir N. Grgur |
| author_facet | Aleksandra S. Popović Minja Miličić Lazić Dijana Mitić Lazar Rakočević Dragana Jugović Predrag Živković Branimir N. Grgur |
| author_sort | Aleksandra S. Popović |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The anodic oxidation of titanium implants is a practical, cost-effective method to enhance implant success, especially due to rising hypersensitivity concerns. This study investigated the electrochemical behavior, surface characteristics, and biocompatibility of anodized commercially pure titanium (cpTi, grade IV). Anodization is performed on polished, cleaned cpTi sheet samples in 1 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> using a constant voltage of 15 V for 15 and 45 min. The color of the oxide layer is evaluated using the CIELab color space, while composition is analyzed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Additionally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are performed to identify and monitor the phase transformations of the formed titanium oxides. Corrosion measurements are performed in 9 g L<sup>−1</sup> NaCl, pH = 7.4, and show the excellent corrosion stability of the anodized samples in comparison with pure titanium. The biological response is assessed by determining mitochondrial activity and gene expression in human fibroblasts. Anodized surfaces, particularly Ti-45, promote higher mitochondrial activity and the upregulation of adhesion-related genes (N-cadherin and Vimentin) in human gingival fibroblasts, indicating improved biocompatibility and the potential for enhanced early soft tissue integration. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-fd5ebd8054fa4d52b45cc89e1a24f49d2025-07-25T13:30:21ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012025-07-0115781710.3390/met15070817Corrosion Stability and Biological Activity of Anodized cpTi for Dental ApplicationAleksandra S. Popović0Minja Miličić Lazić1Dijana Mitić2Lazar Rakočević3Dragana Jugović4Predrag Živković5Branimir N. Grgur6Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11200 Belgrade, SerbiaFaculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaFaculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaINS Vinca, Department of Atomic Physics, University of Belgrade, Mike Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35/IV, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaFaculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11200 Belgrade, SerbiaFaculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11200 Belgrade, SerbiaThe anodic oxidation of titanium implants is a practical, cost-effective method to enhance implant success, especially due to rising hypersensitivity concerns. This study investigated the electrochemical behavior, surface characteristics, and biocompatibility of anodized commercially pure titanium (cpTi, grade IV). Anodization is performed on polished, cleaned cpTi sheet samples in 1 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> using a constant voltage of 15 V for 15 and 45 min. The color of the oxide layer is evaluated using the CIELab color space, while composition is analyzed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Additionally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are performed to identify and monitor the phase transformations of the formed titanium oxides. Corrosion measurements are performed in 9 g L<sup>−1</sup> NaCl, pH = 7.4, and show the excellent corrosion stability of the anodized samples in comparison with pure titanium. The biological response is assessed by determining mitochondrial activity and gene expression in human fibroblasts. Anodized surfaces, particularly Ti-45, promote higher mitochondrial activity and the upregulation of adhesion-related genes (N-cadherin and Vimentin) in human gingival fibroblasts, indicating improved biocompatibility and the potential for enhanced early soft tissue integration.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/7/817titanium oxidesurface characterizationcorrosion resistancegene expressioncytotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Aleksandra S. Popović Minja Miličić Lazić Dijana Mitić Lazar Rakočević Dragana Jugović Predrag Živković Branimir N. Grgur Corrosion Stability and Biological Activity of Anodized cpTi for Dental Application Metals titanium oxide surface characterization corrosion resistance gene expression cytotoxicity |
| title | Corrosion Stability and Biological Activity of Anodized cpTi for Dental Application |
| title_full | Corrosion Stability and Biological Activity of Anodized cpTi for Dental Application |
| title_fullStr | Corrosion Stability and Biological Activity of Anodized cpTi for Dental Application |
| title_full_unstemmed | Corrosion Stability and Biological Activity of Anodized cpTi for Dental Application |
| title_short | Corrosion Stability and Biological Activity of Anodized cpTi for Dental Application |
| title_sort | corrosion stability and biological activity of anodized cpti for dental application |
| topic | titanium oxide surface characterization corrosion resistance gene expression cytotoxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/7/817 |
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