Dichotomous roles of IL-36 and IL-38 in cardiovascular disease
Members of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) superfamily play crucial roles in orchestrating inflammation and immune responses. Among them, IL-36 and IL-38 have emerged as cytokines with contrasting roles in cardiovascular disease (CVD). IL-36 typically promotes inflammation, contributing to endothelial dysf...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1642116/full |
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| Summary: | Members of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) superfamily play crucial roles in orchestrating inflammation and immune responses. Among them, IL-36 and IL-38 have emerged as cytokines with contrasting roles in cardiovascular disease (CVD). IL-36 typically promotes inflammation, contributing to endothelial dysfunction, atherogenesis, and myocardial injury. In contrast, IL-38 exerts predominantly anti-inflammatory effects, modulating immune responses and promoting tissue repair. This mini-review provides a critical synthesis of current findings on IL-36 and IL-38 in the context of atherosclerosis, myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury, and post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) outcomes. We discuss their molecular mechanisms, potential as biomarkers, and therapeutic implications, while identifying key gaps in knowledge that merit further investigation. |
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| ISSN: | 1664-3224 |