Decoupling Land Use Intensity and Ecological Risk: Insights from Heilongjiang Province of the Chinese Mollisol Region
Global land use changes and human activities have escalated regional ecological risk, yet studies on the decoupling relationship between land use intensity (LUI) and ecological risk (ERI) remain limited. This study explored the decoupling relationship between LUI and ERI from 1990 to 2020 in Heilong...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| author | Binglong Wu Fenli Zheng Yuchen Fu Shouzhang Peng Xihua Yang Lun Wang Dennis C. Flanagan Jiaqiong Zhang Zhi Li |
| author_facet | Binglong Wu Fenli Zheng Yuchen Fu Shouzhang Peng Xihua Yang Lun Wang Dennis C. Flanagan Jiaqiong Zhang Zhi Li |
| author_sort | Binglong Wu |
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| description | Global land use changes and human activities have escalated regional ecological risk, yet studies on the decoupling relationship between land use intensity (LUI) and ecological risk (ERI) remain limited. This study explored the decoupling relationship between LUI and ERI from 1990 to 2020 in Heilongjiang Province and analyzed the primary driving factors of the ERI using a decoupling model and an optimal parameter geographic detector (OPGD). The results indicate significant land use changes, particularly the conversion of woodland and grassland into farmland, resulting in a net increase of 18,055.96 km<sup>2</sup> in farmland area. The LUI in Heilongjiang Province increased by 6.43 between 1990 and 2020. The ERI exhibited a significant upward trend from 1990 to 2020, with the average index rising from 0.097 in 1990 to 0.132 in 2020. The proportion of moderate- and higher-ecological-risk areas increased by 10.6%. A decoupling analysis indicated that most regions experienced expansionary negative decoupling between the LUI and ERI, in which the ERI escalated at a faster rate than the LUI. Furthermore, the DEM and NDVI demonstrated the highest explanatory power for the ERI, both exceeding 30%, and the synergistic interaction between the DEM and NDVI amplified spatial heterogeneity by altering microclimatic conditions. This study provides crucial insights for land management and ecological conservation policies in Heilongjiang. |
| format | Article |
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| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-fc645d9ce7954d77b80abddda6af3de12025-07-11T14:42:30ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-06-011713224310.3390/rs17132243Decoupling Land Use Intensity and Ecological Risk: Insights from Heilongjiang Province of the Chinese Mollisol RegionBinglong Wu0Fenli Zheng1Yuchen Fu2Shouzhang Peng3Xihua Yang4Lun Wang5Dennis C. Flanagan6Jiaqiong Zhang7Zhi Li8State Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control, The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Xianyang 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control, The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Xianyang 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control, The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Xianyang 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control, The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Xianyang 712100, ChinaNew South Wales Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Parramatta, NSW 2150, AustraliaCollege of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaDepartment of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 225 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USAState Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control, The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaGlobal land use changes and human activities have escalated regional ecological risk, yet studies on the decoupling relationship between land use intensity (LUI) and ecological risk (ERI) remain limited. This study explored the decoupling relationship between LUI and ERI from 1990 to 2020 in Heilongjiang Province and analyzed the primary driving factors of the ERI using a decoupling model and an optimal parameter geographic detector (OPGD). The results indicate significant land use changes, particularly the conversion of woodland and grassland into farmland, resulting in a net increase of 18,055.96 km<sup>2</sup> in farmland area. The LUI in Heilongjiang Province increased by 6.43 between 1990 and 2020. The ERI exhibited a significant upward trend from 1990 to 2020, with the average index rising from 0.097 in 1990 to 0.132 in 2020. The proportion of moderate- and higher-ecological-risk areas increased by 10.6%. A decoupling analysis indicated that most regions experienced expansionary negative decoupling between the LUI and ERI, in which the ERI escalated at a faster rate than the LUI. Furthermore, the DEM and NDVI demonstrated the highest explanatory power for the ERI, both exceeding 30%, and the synergistic interaction between the DEM and NDVI amplified spatial heterogeneity by altering microclimatic conditions. This study provides crucial insights for land management and ecological conservation policies in Heilongjiang.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/13/2243land use intensityecological risk indexdecoupling modeloptimal parameter geographic detectordecoupling modelNortheast China |
| spellingShingle | Binglong Wu Fenli Zheng Yuchen Fu Shouzhang Peng Xihua Yang Lun Wang Dennis C. Flanagan Jiaqiong Zhang Zhi Li Decoupling Land Use Intensity and Ecological Risk: Insights from Heilongjiang Province of the Chinese Mollisol Region Remote Sensing land use intensity ecological risk index decoupling model optimal parameter geographic detector decoupling model Northeast China |
| title | Decoupling Land Use Intensity and Ecological Risk: Insights from Heilongjiang Province of the Chinese Mollisol Region |
| title_full | Decoupling Land Use Intensity and Ecological Risk: Insights from Heilongjiang Province of the Chinese Mollisol Region |
| title_fullStr | Decoupling Land Use Intensity and Ecological Risk: Insights from Heilongjiang Province of the Chinese Mollisol Region |
| title_full_unstemmed | Decoupling Land Use Intensity and Ecological Risk: Insights from Heilongjiang Province of the Chinese Mollisol Region |
| title_short | Decoupling Land Use Intensity and Ecological Risk: Insights from Heilongjiang Province of the Chinese Mollisol Region |
| title_sort | decoupling land use intensity and ecological risk insights from heilongjiang province of the chinese mollisol region |
| topic | land use intensity ecological risk index decoupling model optimal parameter geographic detector decoupling model Northeast China |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/13/2243 |
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