Biocontrol Mechanisms of <i>Trichoderma longibrachiatum</i> SMF2 Against Lanzhou Lily Wilt Disease Caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and <i>Fusarium solani</i>
Lanzhou lily is a plant native to China with high edible, medicinal, and ornamental value that is relatively susceptible to Fusarium wilt. In this study, the application of <i>Trichoderma longibrachiatum</i> SMF2 (<i>Tl</i>SMF2) effectively controlled Lanzhou lily wilt diseas...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Xing Cao Jiahui Liang Ze Wu Mingshun Zhang Haiyan Li Tao Liu Wenxiu Yue Yanan Wang Liangbao Jiang Guiqing Wang Peibao Zhao Yanrong Zhou Xiulan Chen Juanjuan Sui Dong Hou Xiaoyan Song Xiusheng Zhang |
| author_facet | Xing Cao Jiahui Liang Ze Wu Mingshun Zhang Haiyan Li Tao Liu Wenxiu Yue Yanan Wang Liangbao Jiang Guiqing Wang Peibao Zhao Yanrong Zhou Xiulan Chen Juanjuan Sui Dong Hou Xiaoyan Song Xiusheng Zhang |
| author_sort | Xing Cao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lanzhou lily is a plant native to China with high edible, medicinal, and ornamental value that is relatively susceptible to Fusarium wilt. In this study, the application of <i>Trichoderma longibrachiatum</i> SMF2 (<i>Tl</i>SMF2) effectively controlled Lanzhou lily wilt disease caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and <i>F. solani</i>. <i>Tl</i>SMF2 and the antimicrobial peptaibols trichokonins (TKs) produced by <i>Tl</i>SMF2 inhibited the mycelial growth and spore germination of these two pathogens. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the TKs-induced defense responses of Lanzhou lily were mainly related to the production of plant hormones and defense enzymes. In detail, TKs treatment increased the levels of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) and the expression of their related genes and upregulated the activities of chitinase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). Moreover, TKs caused the induction of <i>LzWRKY26</i> and <i>LzWRKY75</i>, which is highly homologous to <i>LrWRKY3</i> that positively regulates <i>Lilium regale</i> resistance to <i>F. oxysporum</i>. <i>LzWRKY26</i> expression was also induced by SA and MeJA treatments and <i>F. oxysporum</i> infection, which was consistent with the findings that many cis-acting elements associated with phytohormones and stress responses are present in the promoter region of <i>LzWRKY26</i>. Therefore, the biocontrol mechanisms of <i>Tl</i>SMF2 against Lanzhou lily wilt disease involve substrate competition and toxicity against pathogens, as well as the induction of systemic resistance in plants. Our results highlight a promising biological control agent for soil-borne fungal diseases and offer deeper insights into the biocontrol mechanisms of <i>Tl</i>SMF2. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-fbd6f968a77e49e48e40b69ab883ee8b2025-06-25T13:55:30ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242025-06-0111666010.3390/horticulturae11060660Biocontrol Mechanisms of <i>Trichoderma longibrachiatum</i> SMF2 Against Lanzhou Lily Wilt Disease Caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and <i>Fusarium solani</i>Xing Cao0Jiahui Liang1Ze Wu2Mingshun Zhang3Haiyan Li4Tao Liu5Wenxiu Yue6Yanan Wang7Liangbao Jiang8Guiqing Wang9Peibao Zhao10Yanrong Zhou11Xiulan Chen12Juanjuan Sui13Dong Hou14Xiaoyan Song15Xiusheng Zhang16College of Architecture, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, ChinaInstitute of Pomology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, ChinaKey Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, ChinaCollege of Architecture, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, ChinaCollege of Architecture, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, ChinaCollege of Architecture, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, ChinaCollege of Architecture, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, ChinaCollege of Architecture, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaEngineering Technology Research Center of Anti-Aging Chinese Herbal Medicine, Biology and Food Engineering College, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, ChinaVegetable Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, ChinaLanzhou lily is a plant native to China with high edible, medicinal, and ornamental value that is relatively susceptible to Fusarium wilt. In this study, the application of <i>Trichoderma longibrachiatum</i> SMF2 (<i>Tl</i>SMF2) effectively controlled Lanzhou lily wilt disease caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and <i>F. solani</i>. <i>Tl</i>SMF2 and the antimicrobial peptaibols trichokonins (TKs) produced by <i>Tl</i>SMF2 inhibited the mycelial growth and spore germination of these two pathogens. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the TKs-induced defense responses of Lanzhou lily were mainly related to the production of plant hormones and defense enzymes. In detail, TKs treatment increased the levels of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) and the expression of their related genes and upregulated the activities of chitinase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). Moreover, TKs caused the induction of <i>LzWRKY26</i> and <i>LzWRKY75</i>, which is highly homologous to <i>LrWRKY3</i> that positively regulates <i>Lilium regale</i> resistance to <i>F. oxysporum</i>. <i>LzWRKY26</i> expression was also induced by SA and MeJA treatments and <i>F. oxysporum</i> infection, which was consistent with the findings that many cis-acting elements associated with phytohormones and stress responses are present in the promoter region of <i>LzWRKY26</i>. Therefore, the biocontrol mechanisms of <i>Tl</i>SMF2 against Lanzhou lily wilt disease involve substrate competition and toxicity against pathogens, as well as the induction of systemic resistance in plants. Our results highlight a promising biological control agent for soil-borne fungal diseases and offer deeper insights into the biocontrol mechanisms of <i>Tl</i>SMF2.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/6/660<i>Lilium davidii</i> var. <i>unicolor</i>biotic stressbiological plant protectioninduced systemic resistancetrichokonins |
| spellingShingle | Xing Cao Jiahui Liang Ze Wu Mingshun Zhang Haiyan Li Tao Liu Wenxiu Yue Yanan Wang Liangbao Jiang Guiqing Wang Peibao Zhao Yanrong Zhou Xiulan Chen Juanjuan Sui Dong Hou Xiaoyan Song Xiusheng Zhang Biocontrol Mechanisms of <i>Trichoderma longibrachiatum</i> SMF2 Against Lanzhou Lily Wilt Disease Caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and <i>Fusarium solani</i> Horticulturae <i>Lilium davidii</i> var. <i>unicolor</i> biotic stress biological plant protection induced systemic resistance trichokonins |
| title | Biocontrol Mechanisms of <i>Trichoderma longibrachiatum</i> SMF2 Against Lanzhou Lily Wilt Disease Caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and <i>Fusarium solani</i> |
| title_full | Biocontrol Mechanisms of <i>Trichoderma longibrachiatum</i> SMF2 Against Lanzhou Lily Wilt Disease Caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and <i>Fusarium solani</i> |
| title_fullStr | Biocontrol Mechanisms of <i>Trichoderma longibrachiatum</i> SMF2 Against Lanzhou Lily Wilt Disease Caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and <i>Fusarium solani</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biocontrol Mechanisms of <i>Trichoderma longibrachiatum</i> SMF2 Against Lanzhou Lily Wilt Disease Caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and <i>Fusarium solani</i> |
| title_short | Biocontrol Mechanisms of <i>Trichoderma longibrachiatum</i> SMF2 Against Lanzhou Lily Wilt Disease Caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and <i>Fusarium solani</i> |
| title_sort | biocontrol mechanisms of i trichoderma longibrachiatum i smf2 against lanzhou lily wilt disease caused by i fusarium oxysporum i and i fusarium solani i |
| topic | <i>Lilium davidii</i> var. <i>unicolor</i> biotic stress biological plant protection induced systemic resistance trichokonins |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/6/660 |
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