Mode Optimization and Polarization Control in VCSELs with Sub-Wavelength Gratings
We have demonstrated the integration of sub-wavelength gratings (SWG) into a 795 nm vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) with inverse surface relief to achieve coordinated control of the mode and polarization. At a grating period of around 0.5 μm and an etching depth range of 60...
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Photonics Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11030241/ |
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| author | Yongli Wang Chuanchuan Li Yang Zhang Jian Li Xin Wei |
| author_facet | Yongli Wang Chuanchuan Li Yang Zhang Jian Li Xin Wei |
| author_sort | Yongli Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We have demonstrated the integration of sub-wavelength gratings (SWG) into a 795 nm vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) with inverse surface relief to achieve coordinated control of the mode and polarization. At a grating period of around 0.5 μm and an etching depth range of 60 nm to 100 nm, the reflectivity was higher than 91%. A high reflectivity difference was introduced between different modes, effectively suppressing high-order modes with a side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of 38 dB. The SWG exhibited different refractive indices for the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) components, increasing anisotropy and thus enhancing the orthogonal polarization suppression ratio (OPSR) to 26.7 dB. The predesign and relaxed fabrication tolerances of grating parameters may facilitate the mass production of high-performance VCSELs for applications in quantum sensing systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f8ea0b4e3fd2439bbfee85c46a1d04a4 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 1943-0655 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Photonics Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-f8ea0b4e3fd2439bbfee85c46a1d04a42025-07-10T23:00:12ZengIEEEIEEE Photonics Journal1943-06552025-01-011741610.1109/JPHOT.2025.357866011030241Mode Optimization and Polarization Control in VCSELs with Sub-Wavelength GratingsYongli Wang0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9973-0916Chuanchuan Li1https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5938-3760Yang Zhang2Jian Li3Xin Wei4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7537-7679Nano Optoelectronics Laboratory, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaNano Optoelectronics Laboratory, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaNano Optoelectronics Laboratory, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaNano Optoelectronics Laboratory, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaNano Optoelectronics Laboratory, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaWe have demonstrated the integration of sub-wavelength gratings (SWG) into a 795 nm vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) with inverse surface relief to achieve coordinated control of the mode and polarization. At a grating period of around 0.5 μm and an etching depth range of 60 nm to 100 nm, the reflectivity was higher than 91%. A high reflectivity difference was introduced between different modes, effectively suppressing high-order modes with a side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of 38 dB. The SWG exhibited different refractive indices for the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) components, increasing anisotropy and thus enhancing the orthogonal polarization suppression ratio (OPSR) to 26.7 dB. The predesign and relaxed fabrication tolerances of grating parameters may facilitate the mass production of high-performance VCSELs for applications in quantum sensing systems.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11030241/Single-modepolarizationgrating |
| spellingShingle | Yongli Wang Chuanchuan Li Yang Zhang Jian Li Xin Wei Mode Optimization and Polarization Control in VCSELs with Sub-Wavelength Gratings IEEE Photonics Journal Single-mode polarization grating |
| title | Mode Optimization and Polarization Control in VCSELs with Sub-Wavelength Gratings |
| title_full | Mode Optimization and Polarization Control in VCSELs with Sub-Wavelength Gratings |
| title_fullStr | Mode Optimization and Polarization Control in VCSELs with Sub-Wavelength Gratings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mode Optimization and Polarization Control in VCSELs with Sub-Wavelength Gratings |
| title_short | Mode Optimization and Polarization Control in VCSELs with Sub-Wavelength Gratings |
| title_sort | mode optimization and polarization control in vcsels with sub wavelength gratings |
| topic | Single-mode polarization grating |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11030241/ |
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