Phospholipase A2—A Significant Bio-Active Molecule in Honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) Venom
Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> (PLA<sub>2</sub>) is a prevalent molecule in the honeybee venom. Its importance is reflected by the number of scientists focused on studying it from various points of view. This review summarises a significant amount of data concerning this fascina...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Mara Muntean Adrian Florea |
| author_facet | Mara Muntean Adrian Florea |
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| description | Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> (PLA<sub>2</sub>) is a prevalent molecule in the honeybee venom. Its importance is reflected by the number of scientists focused on studying it from various points of view. This review summarises a significant amount of data concerning this fascinating substance. Firstly, the origin and occurrence of PLA<sub>2</sub>, with similarities and differences among species or populations of bees are highlighted. Next, its synthesis, post-translational processing and structural features are described, followed by the PLA<sub>2</sub> availability. In a larger section, the multiple effects of honeybee venom PLA<sub>2</sub> are detailed, starting with the main ability as an enzyme to interact with biological membranes and to hydrolyse the sn-2 ester bond in 1,2-diacyl-sn-3-phosphoglycerides; the docking process, the substrate binding and the catalytic steps are analysed too. Then, the pro-/anti-inflammatory effect and allergenic property, the anticoagulant effect and the involvement of PLA<sub>2</sub> in apoptosis are revised. Selected antiviral, antibiotic and antitumoral effects of PLA<sub>2</sub>, as well as its use in immunotherapy are mentioned as beneficial applications. Additionally, the mechanisms of toxicity of PLA<sub>2</sub> are presented in detail. Finally, a number of anti-PLA<sub>2</sub> compounds are enumerated. In each section, the features of the honeybee venom molecule are discussed in relation to PLA<sub>2</sub>s from other species. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-f735b20f702f45dcb4ae48f23dce9f482025-06-25T14:13:44ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-06-013012262310.3390/molecules30122623Phospholipase A2—A Significant Bio-Active Molecule in Honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) VenomMara Muntean0Adrian Florea1Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6. Louis Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6. Louis Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaPhospholipase A<sub>2</sub> (PLA<sub>2</sub>) is a prevalent molecule in the honeybee venom. Its importance is reflected by the number of scientists focused on studying it from various points of view. This review summarises a significant amount of data concerning this fascinating substance. Firstly, the origin and occurrence of PLA<sub>2</sub>, with similarities and differences among species or populations of bees are highlighted. Next, its synthesis, post-translational processing and structural features are described, followed by the PLA<sub>2</sub> availability. In a larger section, the multiple effects of honeybee venom PLA<sub>2</sub> are detailed, starting with the main ability as an enzyme to interact with biological membranes and to hydrolyse the sn-2 ester bond in 1,2-diacyl-sn-3-phosphoglycerides; the docking process, the substrate binding and the catalytic steps are analysed too. Then, the pro-/anti-inflammatory effect and allergenic property, the anticoagulant effect and the involvement of PLA<sub>2</sub> in apoptosis are revised. Selected antiviral, antibiotic and antitumoral effects of PLA<sub>2</sub>, as well as its use in immunotherapy are mentioned as beneficial applications. Additionally, the mechanisms of toxicity of PLA<sub>2</sub> are presented in detail. Finally, a number of anti-PLA<sub>2</sub> compounds are enumerated. In each section, the features of the honeybee venom molecule are discussed in relation to PLA<sub>2</sub>s from other species.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/12/2623phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>honeybee venom<i>Apis mellifera</i>cell membranephospholipidsallergen |
| spellingShingle | Mara Muntean Adrian Florea Phospholipase A2—A Significant Bio-Active Molecule in Honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) Venom Molecules phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> honeybee venom <i>Apis mellifera</i> cell membrane phospholipids allergen |
| title | Phospholipase A2—A Significant Bio-Active Molecule in Honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) Venom |
| title_full | Phospholipase A2—A Significant Bio-Active Molecule in Honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) Venom |
| title_fullStr | Phospholipase A2—A Significant Bio-Active Molecule in Honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) Venom |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phospholipase A2—A Significant Bio-Active Molecule in Honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) Venom |
| title_short | Phospholipase A2—A Significant Bio-Active Molecule in Honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) Venom |
| title_sort | phospholipase a2 a significant bio active molecule in honeybee i apis mellifera i l venom |
| topic | phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> honeybee venom <i>Apis mellifera</i> cell membrane phospholipids allergen |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/12/2623 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT maramuntean phospholipasea2asignificantbioactivemoleculeinhoneybeeiapismelliferailvenom AT adrianflorea phospholipasea2asignificantbioactivemoleculeinhoneybeeiapismelliferailvenom |