Operational Energy Consumption Map for Urban Electric Buses: Case Study for Warsaw
This paper addresses the critical need for detailed electricity and peak power demand maps for urban public transportation vehicles. Current approaches often rely on overly general assumptions, leading to considerable errors in specific applications or, conversely, overly specific measurements that...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3281 |
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| author | Maciej Kozłowski Andrzej Czerepicki |
| author_facet | Maciej Kozłowski Andrzej Czerepicki |
| author_sort | Maciej Kozłowski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper addresses the critical need for detailed electricity and peak power demand maps for urban public transportation vehicles. Current approaches often rely on overly general assumptions, leading to considerable errors in specific applications or, conversely, overly specific measurements that limit generalisability. We aim to present a comprehensive data-driven methodology for analysing energy consumption within a large urban agglomeration. The method leverages a unique and extensive set of real-world performance data, collected over two years from onboard recorders on all public bus lines in the Capital City of Warsaw. This large dataset enables a robust probabilistic analysis, ensuring high accuracy of the results. For this study, three representative bus lines were selected. The approach involves isolating inter-stop trips, for which instantaneous power waveforms and energy consumption are determined using classical mathematical models of vehicle drive systems. The extracted data for these sections is then characterised using probability distributions. This methodology provides accurate calculation results for specific operating conditions and allows for generalisation with additional factors like air conditioning or heating. The direct result of this paper is a detailed urban map of energy demand and peak power for public transport vehicles. Such a map is invaluable for planning new traffic routes, verifying existing ones regarding energy consumption, and providing a reliable input source for strategic charger deployment analysis along the route. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f5fb2d81a92c431daa7fc54d40a698c4 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-f5fb2d81a92c431daa7fc54d40a698c42025-07-11T14:38:30ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-06-011813328110.3390/en18133281Operational Energy Consumption Map for Urban Electric Buses: Case Study for WarsawMaciej Kozłowski0Andrzej Czerepicki1Faculty of Transport, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Transport, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, PolandThis paper addresses the critical need for detailed electricity and peak power demand maps for urban public transportation vehicles. Current approaches often rely on overly general assumptions, leading to considerable errors in specific applications or, conversely, overly specific measurements that limit generalisability. We aim to present a comprehensive data-driven methodology for analysing energy consumption within a large urban agglomeration. The method leverages a unique and extensive set of real-world performance data, collected over two years from onboard recorders on all public bus lines in the Capital City of Warsaw. This large dataset enables a robust probabilistic analysis, ensuring high accuracy of the results. For this study, three representative bus lines were selected. The approach involves isolating inter-stop trips, for which instantaneous power waveforms and energy consumption are determined using classical mathematical models of vehicle drive systems. The extracted data for these sections is then characterised using probability distributions. This methodology provides accurate calculation results for specific operating conditions and allows for generalisation with additional factors like air conditioning or heating. The direct result of this paper is a detailed urban map of energy demand and peak power for public transport vehicles. Such a map is invaluable for planning new traffic routes, verifying existing ones regarding energy consumption, and providing a reliable input source for strategic charger deployment analysis along the route.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3281electric busesenergy consumptionpeak power demanddata-driven modellingprobabilistic analysisroute energy mapping |
| spellingShingle | Maciej Kozłowski Andrzej Czerepicki Operational Energy Consumption Map for Urban Electric Buses: Case Study for Warsaw Energies electric buses energy consumption peak power demand data-driven modelling probabilistic analysis route energy mapping |
| title | Operational Energy Consumption Map for Urban Electric Buses: Case Study for Warsaw |
| title_full | Operational Energy Consumption Map for Urban Electric Buses: Case Study for Warsaw |
| title_fullStr | Operational Energy Consumption Map for Urban Electric Buses: Case Study for Warsaw |
| title_full_unstemmed | Operational Energy Consumption Map for Urban Electric Buses: Case Study for Warsaw |
| title_short | Operational Energy Consumption Map for Urban Electric Buses: Case Study for Warsaw |
| title_sort | operational energy consumption map for urban electric buses case study for warsaw |
| topic | electric buses energy consumption peak power demand data-driven modelling probabilistic analysis route energy mapping |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3281 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT maciejkozłowski operationalenergyconsumptionmapforurbanelectricbusescasestudyforwarsaw AT andrzejczerepicki operationalenergyconsumptionmapforurbanelectricbusescasestudyforwarsaw |