Revolutionizing organic synthesis through green chemistry: metal-free, bio-based, and microwave-assisted methods
The growing emphasis on sustainable development has propelled green chemistry into a vital framework for designing environmentally benign chemical processes. This review highlights recent advancements in green methodologies for organic synthesis, emphasizing strategies that reduce the use of hazardo...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1656935/full |
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| author | Sayani Banerjee Sakthi Periyasamy Kathiravan Muthukumaradoss Priya Deivasigamani Venkatesan Saravanan |
| author_facet | Sayani Banerjee Sakthi Periyasamy Kathiravan Muthukumaradoss Priya Deivasigamani Venkatesan Saravanan |
| author_sort | Sayani Banerjee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The growing emphasis on sustainable development has propelled green chemistry into a vital framework for designing environmentally benign chemical processes. This review highlights recent advancements in green methodologies for organic synthesis, emphasizing strategies that reduce the use of hazardous reagents and solvents while enhancing efficiency and atom economy. Key approaches include solvent-free reactions; the use of water and ionic liquids as green solvents; biocatalysis employing plant extracts and natural acids; and microwave-assisted synthesis. Notable progress in metal-free oxidative coupling—particularly for synthesizing 2-aminobenzoxazoles, imidazoles, pyrazoles, and Schiff bases—demonstrates the shift away from traditional transition-metal catalysis toward safer alternatives. In addition, innovative transformations using natural catalysts such as pineapple juice and onion peel, microbial biotransformations, and bio-based solvents like eucalyptol and ethyl lactate illustrate the expansive potential of green chemistry. Techniques such as photocatalysis and phase-transfer catalysis further exemplify energy-efficient and selective processes. Collectively, these methods offer high yields, shorter reaction times, and significant environmental benefits. This review underscores the practicality and promise of green chemistry in advancing sustainable organic synthesis, particularly within the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f520e9c0a85a4e1ba53df1fb0b00e8c7 |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2296-2646 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-f520e9c0a85a4e1ba53df1fb0b00e8c72025-08-04T05:26:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Chemistry2296-26462025-08-011310.3389/fchem.2025.16569351656935Revolutionizing organic synthesis through green chemistry: metal-free, bio-based, and microwave-assisted methodsSayani Banerjee0Sakthi Periyasamy1Kathiravan Muthukumaradoss2Priya Deivasigamani3Venkatesan Saravanan4Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IndiaThe growing emphasis on sustainable development has propelled green chemistry into a vital framework for designing environmentally benign chemical processes. This review highlights recent advancements in green methodologies for organic synthesis, emphasizing strategies that reduce the use of hazardous reagents and solvents while enhancing efficiency and atom economy. Key approaches include solvent-free reactions; the use of water and ionic liquids as green solvents; biocatalysis employing plant extracts and natural acids; and microwave-assisted synthesis. Notable progress in metal-free oxidative coupling—particularly for synthesizing 2-aminobenzoxazoles, imidazoles, pyrazoles, and Schiff bases—demonstrates the shift away from traditional transition-metal catalysis toward safer alternatives. In addition, innovative transformations using natural catalysts such as pineapple juice and onion peel, microbial biotransformations, and bio-based solvents like eucalyptol and ethyl lactate illustrate the expansive potential of green chemistry. Techniques such as photocatalysis and phase-transfer catalysis further exemplify energy-efficient and selective processes. Collectively, these methods offer high yields, shorter reaction times, and significant environmental benefits. This review underscores the practicality and promise of green chemistry in advancing sustainable organic synthesis, particularly within the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1656935/fullgreen chemistrysustainable synthesiseco-friendly catalysisionic liquidsmicrowave-assisted |
| spellingShingle | Sayani Banerjee Sakthi Periyasamy Kathiravan Muthukumaradoss Priya Deivasigamani Venkatesan Saravanan Revolutionizing organic synthesis through green chemistry: metal-free, bio-based, and microwave-assisted methods Frontiers in Chemistry green chemistry sustainable synthesis eco-friendly catalysis ionic liquids microwave-assisted |
| title | Revolutionizing organic synthesis through green chemistry: metal-free, bio-based, and microwave-assisted methods |
| title_full | Revolutionizing organic synthesis through green chemistry: metal-free, bio-based, and microwave-assisted methods |
| title_fullStr | Revolutionizing organic synthesis through green chemistry: metal-free, bio-based, and microwave-assisted methods |
| title_full_unstemmed | Revolutionizing organic synthesis through green chemistry: metal-free, bio-based, and microwave-assisted methods |
| title_short | Revolutionizing organic synthesis through green chemistry: metal-free, bio-based, and microwave-assisted methods |
| title_sort | revolutionizing organic synthesis through green chemistry metal free bio based and microwave assisted methods |
| topic | green chemistry sustainable synthesis eco-friendly catalysis ionic liquids microwave-assisted |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2025.1656935/full |
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