The effects of deltamethrin (a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide), an anionic surfactant alone, and a co-formulated mixture of these substances on the honeybee (Apis mellifera) temperature preference, CO2 emission, and expression of detoxification-related genes
Honeybees in crops are exposed to active ingredients of pesticides (plant protection proucts – PPPs) and adjuvants used in agriculture. The aim of this research was to estimate the effect of a sublethal dose of a pyrethroid insecticide (deltamethrin; Deltam), a plant protection product – adjuvant (a...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Polish Academy of Sciences
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Plant Protection Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.pan.pl/Content/135770/PDF/01_OA_JPPR_65_2_2067_Piechowicz.pdf |
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| Summary: | Honeybees in crops are exposed to active ingredients of pesticides (plant protection proucts – PPPs) and adjuvants used in agriculture. The aim of this research was to estimate the effect of a sublethal dose of a pyrethroid insecticide (deltamethrin; Deltam), a plant protection product – adjuvant (alkylbenzene sulphonic acid sodium salt; Superam 10 AL), and a co-formulated mixture of those substances on the honeybee temperature preference, CO2 emission, and expression of detoxification-related genes (CYP9Q1, CYP9Q2, CYP9Q3). When the measurement results were analyzed using outcome-matched statistical tests such as the Wilcoxon test, the conclusion, was reached that Deltam, Superam 10 AL and the mixture of the two preparations significantly statistically differentiated the bees’ thermal environment preference (a decrease in the preferred temperature by 0, 4, 0.9 and 0.5°C, respectively), altered CO2 levels (an increase by 4.2% and a decrease by 10% and 13.5%, respectively) and statistically significantly increased the levels of CYP9Q1, CYP9Q2 and CYP9Q3 transcripts in the insects’ head, but not in their thorax. The results indicate that the condition of honeybees can be affected by the finished formulation of the plant protection product, its adjuvant, and the mixture of both acting together, with a direction of change varying according to the studied parameters. |
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| ISSN: | 1427-4345 1899-007X |