CHIME/Fast Radio Burst Discovery of an Unusual Circularly Polarized Long-period Radio Transient with an Accelerating Spin Period

CHIME/Fast Radio Burst Discovery of an Unusual Circularly Polarized Long-period Radio Transient with an Accelerating Spin Period

We report the discovery of CHIME J1634+44, a long-period radio transient (LPT) unique for two aspects: it is the first known LPT to emit fully circularly polarized radio bursts, and it is the first LPT with a significant spin-up. Given that high circular polarization (>90%) has been observed in F...

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Main Authors: Fengqiu Adam Dong, Kaitlyn Shin, Casey Law, Mason Ng, Ingrid Stairs, Geoffrey Bower, Alyssa Cassity, Emmanuel Fonseca, B. M. Gaensler, Jason W. T. Hessels, Victoria M. Kaspi, Bikash Kharel, Calvin Leung, Robert A. Main, Kiyoshi W. Masui, James W. McKee, Bradley W. Meyers, Obinna Modilim, Ayush Pandhi, Aaron B. Pearlman, Scott M. Ransom, Paul Scholz, Kendrick Smith
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Subjects:
Binary pulsars
White dwarf stars
Radio transient sources
Radio pulsars
Compact binary stars
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adeaab
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Summary:We report the discovery of CHIME J1634+44, a long-period radio transient (LPT) unique for two aspects: it is the first known LPT to emit fully circularly polarized radio bursts, and it is the first LPT with a significant spin-up. Given that high circular polarization (>90%) has been observed in FRB 20201124A and in some giant pulses of PSR B1937+21, we discuss the implications of the high circular polarization of CHIME J1634+44 and conclude its emission mechanism is likely to be “pulsar-like.” While CHIME J1634+44 has a pulse period of 841 s, its burst arrival patterns are indicative of a secondary 4206 s period, probably associated with binary activity. The timing properties suggest it has a significantly negative period derivative of $\dot{P}=-9.03(0.11)\times {10}^{-12}$ s s ^−1 . Few systems have been known to spin up, most notably transitional millisecond pulsars and cataclysmic binaries, both of which seem unlikely progenitors for CHIME J1634+44. If the period was only associated with the spin of the object, then the spin-up is likely generated by accretion of material from a companion. If, however, the radio pulse period and the orbital period are locked, as appears to be the case for two other LPTs, the spin-up of CHIME J1634+44 could be driven by gravitational-wave radiation.
ISSN:2041-8205

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