Is contractual flexibility always good for relationship quality among the parties in construction projects?

Contractual flexibility as an effective way to maintain and increase parties’ relationship quality has been widely introduced to contracting in construction projects. However, conflicting evidences exist regarding their effectiveness on relationship quality based on transaction cost theory. Buildin...

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Main Authors: Qianxing Ding, Lianying Zhang, Tak Wing Yiu, Ziqing Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Vilnius Gediminas Technical University 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Civil Engineering and Management
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.vilniustech.lt/index.php/JCEM/article/view/24320
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author Qianxing Ding
Lianying Zhang
Tak Wing Yiu
Ziqing Liu
author_facet Qianxing Ding
Lianying Zhang
Tak Wing Yiu
Ziqing Liu
author_sort Qianxing Ding
collection DOAJ
description Contractual flexibility as an effective way to maintain and increase parties’ relationship quality has been widely introduced to contracting in construction projects. However, conflicting evidences exist regarding their effectiveness on relationship quality based on transaction cost theory. Building on two distinct bases for contractual flexibility: content flexibility, rely on flexible content incorporated in initial contract content, versus executing flexibility, rely on parties’ relationship instead of contract contents, this study examines how contractual flexibility effect relationship quality under different transaction attributes (asset specificity, environmental uncertainty, and behavioral uncertainty). Results from a sample of 312 parties reveal that content flexibility and executing flexibility positively influence relationship quality, with executing flexibility having a stronger association than content flexibility. Yet, important conditions exist. The moderating analysis demonstrates that when asset specificity or environmental uncertainty is high, executing flexibility, not content flexibility, matters more to relationship quality. In contrast, when behavioral uncertainty is high, content flexibility, not executing flexibility, matters more to relationship quality. These findings suggest that contractual managers should incorporate executing flexibility into contracts more sufficiently, and the appropriate contractual flexibility should match with transaction attributes.
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issn 1392-3730
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publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Vilnius Gediminas Technical University
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spelling doaj-art-e8011be38ee0476e8f8c8857d97c0e042025-07-25T07:51:43ZengVilnius Gediminas Technical UniversityJournal of Civil Engineering and Management1392-37301822-36052025-07-0131610.3846/jcem.2025.24320Is contractual flexibility always good for relationship quality among the parties in construction projects?Qianxing Ding0Lianying Zhang1Tak Wing Yiu2Ziqing Liu3College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaCollege of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaSchool of Built Environment, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaCollege of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China Contractual flexibility as an effective way to maintain and increase parties’ relationship quality has been widely introduced to contracting in construction projects. However, conflicting evidences exist regarding their effectiveness on relationship quality based on transaction cost theory. Building on two distinct bases for contractual flexibility: content flexibility, rely on flexible content incorporated in initial contract content, versus executing flexibility, rely on parties’ relationship instead of contract contents, this study examines how contractual flexibility effect relationship quality under different transaction attributes (asset specificity, environmental uncertainty, and behavioral uncertainty). Results from a sample of 312 parties reveal that content flexibility and executing flexibility positively influence relationship quality, with executing flexibility having a stronger association than content flexibility. Yet, important conditions exist. The moderating analysis demonstrates that when asset specificity or environmental uncertainty is high, executing flexibility, not content flexibility, matters more to relationship quality. In contrast, when behavioral uncertainty is high, content flexibility, not executing flexibility, matters more to relationship quality. These findings suggest that contractual managers should incorporate executing flexibility into contracts more sufficiently, and the appropriate contractual flexibility should match with transaction attributes. https://journals.vilniustech.lt/index.php/JCEM/article/view/24320contractual flexibilitycontent flexibilityexecuting flexibilityrelationship qualitytransaction attributesasset specificity
spellingShingle Qianxing Ding
Lianying Zhang
Tak Wing Yiu
Ziqing Liu
Is contractual flexibility always good for relationship quality among the parties in construction projects?
Journal of Civil Engineering and Management
contractual flexibility
content flexibility
executing flexibility
relationship quality
transaction attributes
asset specificity
title Is contractual flexibility always good for relationship quality among the parties in construction projects?
title_full Is contractual flexibility always good for relationship quality among the parties in construction projects?
title_fullStr Is contractual flexibility always good for relationship quality among the parties in construction projects?
title_full_unstemmed Is contractual flexibility always good for relationship quality among the parties in construction projects?
title_short Is contractual flexibility always good for relationship quality among the parties in construction projects?
title_sort is contractual flexibility always good for relationship quality among the parties in construction projects
topic contractual flexibility
content flexibility
executing flexibility
relationship quality
transaction attributes
asset specificity
url https://journals.vilniustech.lt/index.php/JCEM/article/view/24320
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AT ziqingliu iscontractualflexibilityalwaysgoodforrelationshipqualityamongthepartiesinconstructionprojects