Modulations of Photosynthetic Membrane Lipids and Fatty Acids in Response to High Light in Brown Algae (<i>Undaria pinnatifida</i>)
Light is a source of energy for photosynthesis and hence promotes the regulation of multiple physiological and metabolic processes in photoautotrophic organisms. Understanding how brown macrophytes adjust the physical and biochemical properties of photosynthetic membranes in response to high-irradia...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Natalia V. Zhukova Irina M. Yakovleva |
| author_facet | Natalia V. Zhukova Irina M. Yakovleva |
| author_sort | Natalia V. Zhukova |
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| description | Light is a source of energy for photosynthesis and hence promotes the regulation of multiple physiological and metabolic processes in photoautotrophic organisms. Understanding how brown macrophytes adjust the physical and biochemical properties of photosynthetic membranes in response to high-irradiance environments has received little attention so far. Particularly, it concerns the lipid flexibility of thylakoid membranes. We examined the lipid classes, fatty acid (FA) profiles, chloroplast ultrastructure, and photosynthetic performance of the brown macroalga <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i> after long-term exposure to high light (HL) and moderate light (ML) intensities, at 400 and 270 µmol photons m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. <i>U. pinnatifida</i> responded to HL with a reduction in the level of thylakoid membrane lipids, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), while the character of lipid modulations was specific. The content of storage lipids, triacylglycerols enriched in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), increased under HL. The general response to long-term HL for the studied thylakoid membrane lipids, but not for SQDG, was the remodeling of FA composition towards increasing the percentages of saturated and monounsaturated acyl groups over PUFAs, suggesting a photoprotective strategy against the intensification of lipid peroxidation. In all, we showed that remodeling in photosynthetic membrane lipids accompanied by structural changes in chloroplasts and modulations in photosynthetic performance augmented the ability of <i>U. pinnatifida</i> to counteract high-intensity light, thereby contributing to its survival potential under suboptimal irradiance conditions. |
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| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e5c60f28f8d84e7b833d4a57e5f4cfbc2025-06-25T14:19:57ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-06-011412181810.3390/plants14121818Modulations of Photosynthetic Membrane Lipids and Fatty Acids in Response to High Light in Brown Algae (<i>Undaria pinnatifida</i>)Natalia V. Zhukova0Irina M. Yakovleva1National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, RussiaNational Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, RussiaLight is a source of energy for photosynthesis and hence promotes the regulation of multiple physiological and metabolic processes in photoautotrophic organisms. Understanding how brown macrophytes adjust the physical and biochemical properties of photosynthetic membranes in response to high-irradiance environments has received little attention so far. Particularly, it concerns the lipid flexibility of thylakoid membranes. We examined the lipid classes, fatty acid (FA) profiles, chloroplast ultrastructure, and photosynthetic performance of the brown macroalga <i>Undaria pinnatifida</i> after long-term exposure to high light (HL) and moderate light (ML) intensities, at 400 and 270 µmol photons m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. <i>U. pinnatifida</i> responded to HL with a reduction in the level of thylakoid membrane lipids, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), while the character of lipid modulations was specific. The content of storage lipids, triacylglycerols enriched in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), increased under HL. The general response to long-term HL for the studied thylakoid membrane lipids, but not for SQDG, was the remodeling of FA composition towards increasing the percentages of saturated and monounsaturated acyl groups over PUFAs, suggesting a photoprotective strategy against the intensification of lipid peroxidation. In all, we showed that remodeling in photosynthetic membrane lipids accompanied by structural changes in chloroplasts and modulations in photosynthetic performance augmented the ability of <i>U. pinnatifida</i> to counteract high-intensity light, thereby contributing to its survival potential under suboptimal irradiance conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/12/1818brown macrophyteschloroplast membranemonogalactosyldiacylglycerolphosphatidylglycerolfatty acidshigh light |
| spellingShingle | Natalia V. Zhukova Irina M. Yakovleva Modulations of Photosynthetic Membrane Lipids and Fatty Acids in Response to High Light in Brown Algae (<i>Undaria pinnatifida</i>) Plants brown macrophytes chloroplast membrane monogalactosyldiacylglycerol phosphatidylglycerol fatty acids high light |
| title | Modulations of Photosynthetic Membrane Lipids and Fatty Acids in Response to High Light in Brown Algae (<i>Undaria pinnatifida</i>) |
| title_full | Modulations of Photosynthetic Membrane Lipids and Fatty Acids in Response to High Light in Brown Algae (<i>Undaria pinnatifida</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Modulations of Photosynthetic Membrane Lipids and Fatty Acids in Response to High Light in Brown Algae (<i>Undaria pinnatifida</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modulations of Photosynthetic Membrane Lipids and Fatty Acids in Response to High Light in Brown Algae (<i>Undaria pinnatifida</i>) |
| title_short | Modulations of Photosynthetic Membrane Lipids and Fatty Acids in Response to High Light in Brown Algae (<i>Undaria pinnatifida</i>) |
| title_sort | modulations of photosynthetic membrane lipids and fatty acids in response to high light in brown algae i undaria pinnatifida i |
| topic | brown macrophytes chloroplast membrane monogalactosyldiacylglycerol phosphatidylglycerol fatty acids high light |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/12/1818 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nataliavzhukova modulationsofphotosyntheticmembranelipidsandfattyacidsinresponsetohighlightinbrownalgaeiundariapinnatifidai AT irinamyakovleva modulationsofphotosyntheticmembranelipidsandfattyacidsinresponsetohighlightinbrownalgaeiundariapinnatifidai |