Effects of Different Land Use Types on Soil Quality and Microbial Diversity in Paddy Soil
This study investigated the effects of three land use patterns—rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)–rapeseed (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) rotation (Rapeseed), rice–shrimp <i>(Procambarus clarkii</i> G.) rotation (Shrimp), and the conversion of paddy fields to forestland (F...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| author | Ximei Zhao Fengyun Xiang Xicheng Wang Mengchen Yang Jifu Li |
| author_facet | Ximei Zhao Fengyun Xiang Xicheng Wang Mengchen Yang Jifu Li |
| author_sort | Ximei Zhao |
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| description | This study investigated the effects of three land use patterns—rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)–rapeseed (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) rotation (Rapeseed), rice–shrimp <i>(Procambarus clarkii</i> G.) rotation (Shrimp), and the conversion of paddy fields to forestland (Forestland)—on aggregate structure, nutrient content, and microbial diversity in rice soils in Chuandian Town, Jingzhou District, Jianghan Plain, central China. The results revealed that the Shrimp treatment significantly increased soil organic matter (SOM), available nitrogen (AN), and available phosphorus (AP) content in the surface soil (0–10 cm) while reducing soil bulk density and improving pore structure. Forestland exhibited higher aggregate stability in deeper soil layers (20–40 cm), particularly in the 0.053–0.25 mm size fraction. Microbial diversity analysis showed that bacterial richness (Chao1 index) and diversity (Shannon index) were significantly higher in the Shrimp and Rapeseed treatments compared to those in the Forestland treatment, with Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi being the dominant bacterial phyla. Fungal communities were dominated by Ascomycota, withfForestland showing greater fungal richness in deeper soil. Soil depth significantly influenced aggregates, nutrients, and microbial diversity, with surface soil exhibiting higher values for these parameters than deeper layers. Redundancy analysis indicated that SOM, AP, and pH were the key drivers of bacterial community variation, while fungal communities were more influenced by nitrogen and porosity. Path analysis further demonstrated that land use patterns indirectly affected microbial diversity via altering aggregate structure and nutrient availability. Overall, the Shrimp treatment outperformed others in improving soil structure and nutrient supply, whereas the Forestland treatment was more conducive to promoting aggregate stability in deeper soil. Land use patterns indirectly regulated microbial communities through modifying soil aggregate structure and nutrient status, thereby influencing soil ecosystem health and stability. This study provides a theoretical basis for the sustainable management of rice soils, suggesting the optimization of rotation patterns in agricultural production to synergistically enhance soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e55b92cbbd354570ae7aa2f07ecd3efc |
| institution | Matheson Library |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-e55b92cbbd354570ae7aa2f07ecd3efc2025-07-25T13:09:59ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-07-01157162810.3390/agronomy15071628Effects of Different Land Use Types on Soil Quality and Microbial Diversity in Paddy SoilXimei Zhao0Fengyun Xiang1Xicheng Wang2Mengchen Yang3Jifu Li4Agricultural College, Yangtze University, No. 266, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou 434025, ChinaAgricultural College, Yangtze University, No. 266, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou 434025, ChinaAgricultural College, Yangtze University, No. 266, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou 434025, ChinaAgricultural College, Yangtze University, No. 266, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou 434025, ChinaAgricultural College, Yangtze University, No. 266, Jingmi Road, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou 434025, ChinaThis study investigated the effects of three land use patterns—rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.)–rapeseed (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) rotation (Rapeseed), rice–shrimp <i>(Procambarus clarkii</i> G.) rotation (Shrimp), and the conversion of paddy fields to forestland (Forestland)—on aggregate structure, nutrient content, and microbial diversity in rice soils in Chuandian Town, Jingzhou District, Jianghan Plain, central China. The results revealed that the Shrimp treatment significantly increased soil organic matter (SOM), available nitrogen (AN), and available phosphorus (AP) content in the surface soil (0–10 cm) while reducing soil bulk density and improving pore structure. Forestland exhibited higher aggregate stability in deeper soil layers (20–40 cm), particularly in the 0.053–0.25 mm size fraction. Microbial diversity analysis showed that bacterial richness (Chao1 index) and diversity (Shannon index) were significantly higher in the Shrimp and Rapeseed treatments compared to those in the Forestland treatment, with Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi being the dominant bacterial phyla. Fungal communities were dominated by Ascomycota, withfForestland showing greater fungal richness in deeper soil. Soil depth significantly influenced aggregates, nutrients, and microbial diversity, with surface soil exhibiting higher values for these parameters than deeper layers. Redundancy analysis indicated that SOM, AP, and pH were the key drivers of bacterial community variation, while fungal communities were more influenced by nitrogen and porosity. Path analysis further demonstrated that land use patterns indirectly affected microbial diversity via altering aggregate structure and nutrient availability. Overall, the Shrimp treatment outperformed others in improving soil structure and nutrient supply, whereas the Forestland treatment was more conducive to promoting aggregate stability in deeper soil. Land use patterns indirectly regulated microbial communities through modifying soil aggregate structure and nutrient status, thereby influencing soil ecosystem health and stability. This study provides a theoretical basis for the sustainable management of rice soils, suggesting the optimization of rotation patterns in agricultural production to synergistically enhance soil physical, chemical, and biological properties.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/7/1628paddy soilland use patternsoil nutrientsmicrobial diversitycorrelation analysis |
| spellingShingle | Ximei Zhao Fengyun Xiang Xicheng Wang Mengchen Yang Jifu Li Effects of Different Land Use Types on Soil Quality and Microbial Diversity in Paddy Soil Agronomy paddy soil land use pattern soil nutrients microbial diversity correlation analysis |
| title | Effects of Different Land Use Types on Soil Quality and Microbial Diversity in Paddy Soil |
| title_full | Effects of Different Land Use Types on Soil Quality and Microbial Diversity in Paddy Soil |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Different Land Use Types on Soil Quality and Microbial Diversity in Paddy Soil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Different Land Use Types on Soil Quality and Microbial Diversity in Paddy Soil |
| title_short | Effects of Different Land Use Types on Soil Quality and Microbial Diversity in Paddy Soil |
| title_sort | effects of different land use types on soil quality and microbial diversity in paddy soil |
| topic | paddy soil land use pattern soil nutrients microbial diversity correlation analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/7/1628 |
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