Performance Enhancement of Second-Life Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Gaussian Mixture Model Clustering and Simulation-Based Evaluation for Energy Storage System Applications

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely deployed in electric vehicles due to their high energy density and long cycle life. Even after retirement, typically at around 80% of their rated capacity, LIBs can still be repurposed for second-life applications such as residential energy storage systems (ES...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Abdul Shakoor Akram, Woojin Choi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6787
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