Performance Enhancement of Second-Life Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Gaussian Mixture Model Clustering and Simulation-Based Evaluation for Energy Storage System Applications
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely deployed in electric vehicles due to their high energy density and long cycle life. Even after retirement, typically at around 80% of their rated capacity, LIBs can still be repurposed for second-life applications such as residential energy storage systems (ES...
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Main Authors: | , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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Series: | Applied Sciences |
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Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6787 |
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